Huonker M, Dickhuth H H, Dinkel E, Wenz W, Keul J
Abteilung Sport- und Leistungsmedizin, Medizinische Klinik Universität Freiburg i.Br.
Radiologe. 1989 Nov;29(11):561-8.
Dependent on the nature, intensity and scope of muscular exercise, regular athletic training can result in changes in the size and form of the heart, which can be recorded by radiologic and echocardiographic techniques. Brief anaerobic exercise and purely static forms of training (sprint, strength sports) do not produce substantial increases in the size of the heart, but a rotund heart shape with rounding of the cardiac tip and in some cases a discrete increase in the wall thickness of the ventricular myocardium is frequently observed. Dependent on the scope of the training and the intensity, aerobic, endurance-oriented training (endurance sports) can induce considerable enlargement of all cardiac chambers with a change in the cardiac configuration, which is most nearly comparable to combination mitral vitium. Comparison of physiological hypertrophy of the athletic heart with pathological forms of cardiac hypertrophy (such as cardiomyopathies) is in many cases not unequivocally possible with plain X-ray films, but it is usually successful with echocardiographic examination methods.
根据肌肉运动的性质、强度和范围，定期进行体育训练会导致心脏大小和形态发生变化，这些变化可以通过放射学和超声心动图技术记录下来。短暂的无氧运动和纯粹的静态训练形式（短跑、力量运动）不会使心脏大小显著增加，但经常观察到心脏呈圆形，心尖圆钝，在某些情况下，心室心肌壁厚度会有离散性增加。根据训练范围和强度，以有氧、耐力为导向的训练（耐力运动）可导致所有心腔显著扩大，心脏形态改变，这与二尖瓣病变合并症最为相似。在许多情况下，仅凭X线平片无法明确区分运动员心脏的生理性肥大与病理性心脏肥大（如心肌病），但通常通过超声心动图检查方法可以成功区分。
