Rice LaShanta J, Brandt Heather M, Hardin James W, Ingram Lucy Annang, Wilson Sacoby M
Hollings Cancer Center, Center for Population Health and Outcomes, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street Suite BE 103, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA,
J Community Health. 2015 Jun;40(3):419-30. doi: 10.1007/s10900-014-9952-5.
Cancer risk perceptions and cancer worry are shaped by race/ethnicity, and social, economic, and environmental factors, which in turn shape health decision-making. A paucity of studies has explored risk perceptions and worry in metropolitan areas with disparate environmental conditions and cancer outcomes. This study examined perceptions of cancer risk, neighborhood environmental health risks, and risk-reducing health behaviors among Blacks. A 59-item survey was administered to respondents in Metropolitan Charleston, South Carolina from March to September 2013. A convenience sample of males and females was recruited at local venues and community events. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses (Chi square tests), and logistic regression models were estimated using SAS 9.3 software. Respondents (N = 405) were 100% Black, 81% female (n = 323), and ranged from 18 to 87 years of age (M = 49.55, SD = 15.27). Most respondents reported lower perceptions of cancer risk (37%) and equated their cancer beliefs to direct or indirect (i.e. personal or family) experiences. Low perceived cancer risk (absolute risk) was significantly associated (p < .05) with non-alcohol consumption, having a colon cancer screening test, being female, and being age 25-44 or 45-64. Cancer worry was significantly associated (p < .05) with being a current smoker, having a "fair" diet, non-alcohol consumption, and having any colon cancer screening test. Perceived cancer risk is an important indicator of health behaviors among Blacks. Direct or indirect experiences with cancer and/or the environment and awareness of family history of cancer may explain cancer risk perceptions.
癌症风险认知和癌症担忧受到种族/族裔、社会、经济和环境因素的影响，而这些因素反过来又会影响健康决策。很少有研究探讨环境条件和癌症结局各异的大都市地区的风险认知和担忧。本研究调查了黑人对癌症风险、邻里环境健康风险以及降低风险的健康行为的认知。2013年3月至9月，对南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿市的受访者进行了一项包含59个条目的调查。在当地场所和社区活动中招募了一个由男性和女性组成的便利样本。使用SAS 9.3软件进行描述性统计、双变量分析（卡方检验）和逻辑回归模型分析。受访者（N = 405）均为黑人，81%为女性（n = 323），年龄在18至87岁之间（M = 49.55，SD = 15.27）。大多数受访者表示对癌症风险的认知较低（37%），并将他们的癌症信念等同于直接或间接（即个人或家庭）经历。低癌症风险认知（绝对风险）与不饮酒、进行结肠癌筛查、女性以及年龄在25 - 44岁或45 - 64岁之间显著相关（p < .05）。癌症担忧与当前吸烟、饮食“一般”、不饮酒以及进行任何结肠癌筛查显著相关（p < .05）。癌症风险认知是黑人健康行为的一个重要指标。与癌症和/或环境的直接或间接经历以及对癌症家族史的知晓可能解释了癌症风险认知。
