Lei Fumin, Qu Yanhua, Song Gang, Alström Per, Fjeldså Jon
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Integr Zool. 2015 Mar;10(2):171-81. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12121.
Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots, including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China (HMSC), thus making necessary a review of the current knowledge. The Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America, suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction, and, thus, different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary glaciations. This short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the HMSC. The geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms, the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range, the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species-rich and endemic-rich, specialized montane avian fauna. The Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial periods. More studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold-tolerent and warm-tolerent species.
关于描述或解释亚洲生物多样性热点地区（包括中国西南部东喜马拉雅山脉地区）的文献很少，因此有必要对现有知识进行综述。亚洲大陆上新世和更新世的地质及冰川历史与欧洲和北美不同，这表明其物种形成和灭绝机制不同，进而在第四纪冰川期对气候变化的响应也不同。本简短综述总结了塑造和维持东喜马拉雅山脉地区鸟类高物种丰富度和特有性的潜在驱动因素。该地区位于不同生物地理区域的交界处，沿广泛海拔范围具有多样的栖息地和气候，复杂的地形以及独特的地质历史，可能促成了一个物种异常丰富且特有性高的山地鸟类区系的演化。东喜马拉雅山脉地区的山脉系统可能在冰川期为物种提供了避难所，在冰川期后则成为阻止物种扩散的屏障。需要开展更多研究，通过比较更多耐寒和喜温物种来进一步验证这一避难所假说。
