Kohl Kevin D, Amaya James, Passement Celeste A, Dearing M Denise, McCue Marshall D
Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2014 Dec;90(3):883-94. doi: 10.1111/1574-6941.12442. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
Many animals face unpredictable food sources and periods of prolonged fasting, which likely present significant challenges to gut microorganisms. While several studies have demonstrated that fasting impacts the gut microbiota, experiments have not been carried out in a comparative context. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to document changes in colonic and cecal microbiomes of animals representing five classes of vertebrates at four time points through prolonged fasting: tilapia, toads, geckos, quail, and mice. We found differences in the starvation-induced changes in the microbiome across host species and across gut regions. Microbial phylogenetic diversity increased as a result of fasting in the colons of fish, toads, and mice, while quail exhibited a decrease in diversity; geckos exhibited no change. Microbial diversity in the cecum decreased in fish and exhibited no change in mice. Alterations in relative abundances of microbial taxa varied across hosts. Fish exhibited the most significant changes due to fasting, while geckos maintained a stable community over 28 days of fasting. We uncovered several shared responses of the microbiota across hosts. For example, all tetrapods exhibited decreases in the abundances of Coprobacillus and Ruminococcus in response to fasting. We also discuss host-mediated physiological mechanisms that may underlie these community changes.
许多动物面临不可预测的食物来源和长时间禁食期，这可能给肠道微生物群带来重大挑战。虽然有几项研究表明禁食会影响肠道微生物群，但尚未在比较的背景下进行实验。我们使用16S rRNA基因测序来记录代表五类脊椎动物的动物在长时间禁食的四个时间点的结肠和盲肠微生物群的变化：罗非鱼、蟾蜍、壁虎、鹌鹑和小鼠。我们发现宿主物种之间以及肠道区域之间微生物群因饥饿引起的变化存在差异。禁食导致鱼类、蟾蜍和小鼠结肠中的微生物系统发育多样性增加，而鹌鹑的多样性则下降；壁虎没有变化。鱼类盲肠中的微生物多样性下降，小鼠则没有变化。微生物类群相对丰度的变化因宿主而异。鱼类因禁食而表现出最显著的变化，而壁虎在禁食28天期间维持了稳定的群落。我们发现了微生物群在宿主间的几种共同反应。例如，所有四足动物在禁食时都表现出粪杆菌属和瘤胃球菌属丰度的下降。我们还讨论了可能是这些群落变化基础的宿主介导的生理机制。
