Malik Sonia, Bhushan Shashi, Sharma Madhu, Ahuja Paramvir Singh
a Division of Biotechnology , CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India and.
b Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics , Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University , Olomouc , Czech Republic.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2016;36(2):327-40. doi: 10.3109/07388551.2014.961003. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Shikonins are commercially important secondary compounds, known for array of biological activities such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, antitumor, antioxidants, etc. These compounds are usually colored and therefore have application in food, textiles and cosmetics. Shikonin and its derivatives, which are commercially most important of the naphthoquinone pigments, are distributed among members of the family Boraginaceae. These include different species of Lithospermum, Arnebia, Alkanna, Anchusa, Echium and Onosma. The growing demand for plant-based natural products has made this group of compounds one of the enthralling targets for their in vitro production. The aim of this review is to highlight the recent progress in production of shikonins by various biotechnological means. Different methods of increasing the levels of shikonins in plant cells such as selection of cell lines, optimization of culture conditions, elicitation, in situ product removal, genetic transformation and metabolic engineering are discussed. The experience of different researchers working worldwide on this aspect is also considered. Further, to meet market demand, the needs for continuous and reliable production systems, as well as future prospects, are included.
紫草素是具有重要商业价值的次生化合物，以其一系列生物活性而闻名，如抗菌、杀虫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等。这些化合物通常带有颜色，因此在食品、纺织品和化妆品中都有应用。紫草素及其衍生物是萘醌类色素中商业价值最高的，分布于紫草科植物中。这些植物包括不同种类的紫草根、假紫草、紫朱草、牛舌草、蓝蓟和滇紫草。对植物源天然产物日益增长的需求使这类化合物成为体外生产中引人关注的目标之一。本综述的目的是突出通过各种生物技术手段生产紫草素的最新进展。文中讨论了提高植物细胞中紫草素含量的不同方法，如细胞系的选择、培养条件的优化、诱导、原位产物去除、遗传转化和代谢工程。还考虑了世界各地不同研究人员在这方面的经验。此外，为满足市场需求，还包括对连续可靠生产系统的需求以及未来前景。
