Fischer Nils C, Shamah-Levy Teresa, Mundo-Rosas Verónica, Méndez-Gómez-Humarán Ignacio, Pérez-Escamilla Rafael
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT;
National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; and.
J Nutr. 2014 Dec;144(12):2066-72. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.197095. Epub 2014 Oct 15.
Anemia is a major cause of maternal mortality. Household food insecurity (HFI) may increase the risk of anemia among women of reproductive age although this hypothesis remains largely untested in representative samples from low- and middle-income countries.
Our objective was to investigate the association of HFI with anemia in a nationally representative, cross-sectional sample of Mexican women of reproductive age (12-49 y old).
We tested the association between HFI and anemia among 16,944 women of reproductive age using the multiple logistic regression among adolescent (12-20 y) and adult women (21-49 y). HFI was measured with the use of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale. Hemoglobin was measured with capillary hemoglobin with the use of HemoCue photometer (HemoCue, Inc.) and anemia was defined with the use of WHO standards.
The association of HFI and anemia was not significant (P > 0.05) for adolescent women (12-20 y), whereas in adult women (21-49 y), the adjusted odds of having anemia were 31-43% higher among those living in mild to severely food insecure households than adult women residing in food secure households (P < 0.05).
HFI is associated with anemia among adult Mexican women. Programs that reduce HFI may also be effective at reducing the risk of anemia among Mexican women.
贫血是孕产妇死亡的主要原因。家庭粮食不安全（HFI）可能会增加育龄妇女患贫血的风险，尽管这一假设在低收入和中等收入国家的代表性样本中尚未得到充分验证。
我们的目的是在全国代表性的墨西哥育龄妇女（12 - 49岁）横断面样本中，研究家庭粮食不安全与贫血之间的关联。
我们在16,944名育龄妇女中，使用多因素逻辑回归分析，分别对青少年（12 - 20岁）和成年女性（21 - 49岁）进行家庭粮食不安全与贫血之间关联的测试。家庭粮食不安全状况采用拉丁美洲和加勒比粮食安全量表进行测量。血红蛋白采用HemoCue光度计（HemoCue公司）通过毛细血管血红蛋白测量法进行测量，贫血的定义采用世界卫生组织标准。
对于青少年女性（12 - 20岁），家庭粮食不安全与贫血之间的关联不显著（P > 0.05）；而在成年女性（21 - 49岁）中，生活在轻度至重度粮食不安全家庭的女性患贫血的校正比值比，比生活在粮食安全家庭的成年女性高31% - 43%（P < 0.05）。
家庭粮食不安全与成年墨西哥女性贫血有关。降低家庭粮食不安全的项目可能也有助于降低墨西哥女性患贫血的风险。
