Hoffman Richard, Gerber Mariette
School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire,HatfieldAL10 9AB,UK.
Cancer Institute,34298Montpellier,Cedex 5,France.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Dec 14;112(11):1882-95. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514002888. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
The present narrative review compares evidence from experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies of the health benefits of rapeseed oil (RO) (known as canola oil) and olive oil (OO) in order to assess whether rapeseed oil is suitable as a sustainable alternative to OO as part of a Mediterranean-style diet in countries where olive trees do not grow. From epidemiological studies, the evidence for cardiovascular protection afforded by extra-virgin OO is 'convincing', and for cancers 'limited-suggestive', especially oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, but more studies are required in relation to cognitive impairment. Evidence for RO is limited to short-term studies on the biomarkers of risk factors for CVD. Any benefits of RO are likely to be due to α-linolenic acid; however, it is prone to oxidation during frying. We conclude that due to a lack of evidence from observational or intervention studies indicating that RO has comparable health benefits to extra-virgin OO, RO cannot currently be recommended as a suitable substitute for extra-virgin OO as part of a Mediterranean-style diet.
本叙述性综述比较了菜籽油（RO，即加拿大菜油）和橄榄油（OO）对健康有益的实验、流行病学及临床研究证据，以评估在不种植橄榄树的国家，菜籽油作为橄榄油的可持续替代品纳入地中海式饮食是否合适。从流行病学研究来看，特级初榨橄榄油对心血管保护的证据是“令人信服的”，对癌症的证据是“有限暗示性的”，尤其是雌激素受体阴性乳腺癌，但在认知障碍方面还需要更多研究。菜籽油的证据仅限于对心血管疾病风险因素生物标志物的短期研究。菜籽油的任何益处可能都归因于α-亚麻酸；然而，它在油炸过程中容易氧化。我们得出结论，由于缺乏观察性或干预性研究证据表明菜籽油与特级初榨橄榄油具有相当的健康益处，目前不能推荐将菜籽油作为特级初榨橄榄油的合适替代品纳入地中海式饮食。
