Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Sep 30;8:264. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00264. eCollection 2014.
The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly complex network comprising long-lived neurons and glial cells. Accordingly, numerous mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate the initiation of inflammatory responses within the brain. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, as in the case of viral encephalitides, the infiltration of leukocytes is often required for efficient viral clearance and recovery. The orchestration of leukocyte migration into the inflamed CNS is largely coordinated by a large family of chemotactic cytokines and their receptors. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding of how chemokines promote protection or pathogenesis during arbovirus induced encephalitis, focusing on neurotropic flaviviruses and alphaviruses. Furthermore, we will highlight the latest developments in chemokine and chemokine receptor based drugs that could have potential as therapeutics and have been shown to play a pivotal role in shaping the outcome of disease.
中枢神经系统（CNS）是一个高度复杂的网络，包含长寿命的神经元和神经胶质细胞。因此，已经进化出许多机制来严格调节大脑内炎症反应的启动。在神经炎症条件下，如在病毒性脑炎的情况下，白细胞的浸润通常是有效清除病毒和恢复所必需的。白细胞向炎症性中枢神经系统的迁移的协调主要是由一大类趋化细胞因子及其受体来完成的。在这篇综述中，我们将总结我们目前对趋化因子如何在虫媒病毒诱导的脑炎中促进保护或发病机制的理解，重点是神经嗜性黄病毒和甲病毒。此外，我们将强调趋化因子和趋化因子受体为基础的药物的最新进展，这些药物可能具有治疗潜力，并已被证明在塑造疾病结局方面发挥关键作用。
