Reiswig Henry M, Stone Robert P
Department of Biology, University of Victoria and Natural History Section, Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3N5, Canada.
Zootaxa. 2013;3628:1-64. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3628.1.1.
Hexactinellida from deep-water communities of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska, are described. They were mostly collected by the remotely operated vehicle 'Jason II' from 494–2311 m depths during a 2004 RV 'Roger Revelle' expedition, but one shallow-water species collected with a shrimp trawl from 155 m in the same area is included. The excellent condition of the ROV-collected specimens enabled valuable redescription of some species previously known only from badly damaged specimens. New taxa include one new genus and eight new species in five families. Farreidae consist of two new species, Farrea aleutiana and F. aspondyla. Euretidae consists of only Pinulasma fistulosum n. gen., n. sp. Tretodictyidae include only Tretodictyum amchitkensis n. sp. Euplectellidae consists of only the widespread species Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, reported here over 3,700 km from its closest previously known occurrence. The most diverse family, Rossellidae, consists of Aulosaccus ijimai (Schulze), Aulosaccus schulzei Ijima, Bathydorus sp. (young stage not determinable to species), Caulophacus (Caulophacus) adakensis n. sp., Acanthascus koltuni n. sp., Staurocalyptus psilosus n. sp., Staurocalyptus tylotus n. sp. and Rhabdocalyptus mirabilis Schulze. We present argument for reinstatement of the abolished rossellid subfamily Acanthascinae and return of the subgenera Staurocalyptus Ijima and Rhabdocalyptus Schulze to their previous generic status. These fauna provides important complexity to the hard substrate communities that likely serve as nursery areas for the young stages of commercially important fish and crab species, refuge from predation for both young and adult stages, and also as a focal source of prey for juvenile and adult stages of those same species.
本文描述了来自阿拉斯加阿留申群岛中部深水群落的六放海绵纲动物。它们大多是在2004年“罗杰·雷维尔”号科考船的考察中，由遥控潜水器“杰森二号”从494 - 2311米深处采集的，但也包括在同一区域用虾拖网从155米深处捕获的一种浅水物种。遥控潜水器采集的标本保存状况极佳，使得一些之前仅从严重受损标本中得知的物种能够得到有价值的重新描述。新分类单元包括五个科中的一个新属和八个新物种。法雷海绵科包括两个新物种，阿留申法雷海绵和多孔法雷海绵。优列海绵科仅包括瘘管松针海绵，新属，新种。网层海绵科仅包括阿姆奇特卡网层海绵，新种。偕老同穴科仅包括广泛分布的奥氏雷加偕老同穴海绵，此处报告的其分布距离此前已知的最近产地超过3700公里。种类最多的科是罗氏海绵科，包括饭岛奥氏海绵、舒氏奥氏海绵、深海桶海绵属（幼体阶段无法确定物种）、阿达卡茎海绵（茎海绵亚属），新种、科尔图尼棘筛海绵，新种、光滑星萼海绵，新种、钝圆星萼海绵，新种和奇异枝萼海绵。我们提出了恢复已废除的罗氏海绵亚科棘筛海绵亚科的论据，并将星萼海绵亚属和枝萼海绵亚属恢复到它们以前的属级地位。这些动物群为硬底质群落增添了重要的复杂性，这些群落可能是重要商业鱼类和蟹类幼体的育幼区，为幼体和成体提供躲避捕食的场所，也是这些同一物种幼体和成体的主要猎物来源。
