Menati Walieh, Nazarzadeh Milad, Bidel Zeinab, Würtz Morten, Menati Rostam, Hemati Rohollah, Yaghoubi Maryam, Zareimanesh Elham, Mohammadi Mohammad Sabour, Akhlaghi Ardekani Farzad, Tazval Jafar, Delpisheh Ali
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Am J Mens Health. 2016 Jan;10(1):14-23. doi: 10.1177/1557988314553262. Epub 2014 Oct 16.
Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers' gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends' medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.
关于初次吸烟体验（ICSE）的社会和心理风险因素的了解甚少。本研究旨在估计ICSE的患病率，并探讨与ICSE相关的心理和社会因素。在一项横断面调查中，采用多阶段抽样技术从伊朗伊拉姆市的四所大学招募了1511名男大学生。2013年3月至6月向学生发放了自填式多项选择题问卷。使用逻辑回归模型评估ICSE的风险因素。参与者的年龄为22.3±2.4岁。ICSE患病率为30.6%。在多变量调整分析中，冒险行为（比值比[OR]=1.61；95%置信区间[CI]=1.11 - 2.33）、感知到的同伴吸烟率（OR = 2.48；95% CI = 1.03 - 5.97）、对吸烟的积极想法（OR = 1.06；95% CI = 1.02 - 1.10）、高自我效能感（OR = 0.95，95% CI [0.93, 0.98]）、在吸烟者聚集场合出现（OR = 4.45；95% CI = 2.88 - 6.81）、吸烟者的友好态度（OR = 2.56；95% CI = 1.66, 3.92）、获取香烟非常困难（OR = 2.20；95% CI = 1.16 - 4.16）、亲密朋友对吸烟的中等反应（OR = 1.38；95% CI = 1.02 - 1.88）以及体育活动（OR = 0.74；95% CI = 0.56 - 0.98）与ICSE显著相关。本研究发现，心理和社会变量的组合占ICSE可能性的比例高达78%。预防ICSE最重要的保护因素是体育活动，而ICSE最重要的风险因素是经常在吸烟者面前聚集。
