Ortiz Manuel S, Willey Joshua F, Chiang Jessica J
Rev Med Chil. 2014 Jun;142(6):767-74. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872014000600011.
How psychological stress gets under the skin and contributes to increase the odds for the onset and progression of chronic diseases has been object of abundant research. In this literature review, evidence about the role that both acute (natural phenomenon, marital conflict, a social evaluative task) and chronic stress (stress at work, and the perception of being discriminated) as well as interpersonal stress have on physical health, is examined. Behavioral (lack of physical activity, smoking, lack of adherence) and physiological (dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis, immune system and inflammatory response) mechanisms through which psychological stress may contribute to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease (altering blood pressure, heart rate reactivity, hemoconcentration and pro-coagulation function), and two key processes involved in cancer progression (angiogenesis and metastasis) are discussed. Finally, how social support may moderate the association among psychological stress and physical health is described.
心理压力如何深入皮下并增加慢性病发病和进展的几率，一直是大量研究的对象。在这篇文献综述中，我们考察了关于急性压力（自然现象、婚姻冲突、社会评价任务）、慢性压力（工作压力、被歧视感）以及人际压力对身体健康影响的证据。探讨了心理压力可能导致心血管疾病发病和进展的行为机制（缺乏体育活动、吸烟、依从性差）和生理机制（下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴、交感 - 肾上腺 - 髓质轴、免疫系统和炎症反应失调），以及癌症进展中涉及的两个关键过程（血管生成和转移）。最后，描述了社会支持如何调节心理压力与身体健康之间的关联。
