Nagata Chisato, Wada Keiko, Tsuji Michiko, Kawachi Toshiaki, Nakamura Kozue
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine,Gifu,Japan.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Dec 28;112(12):2010-7. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514003109. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
Diets with a high glycaemic index (GI) or glycaemic load (GL) have been hypothesised to increase the risk of diabetes, CVD and some cancers. In the present study, the associations of dietary GI and GL with the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were prospectively examined in a general population in Japan, where white rice is the main contributor of dietary GI and GL. A total of 28,356 residents of Takayama City, Japan, who responded to a self-administered questionnaire in 1992 were included in the present analyses. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated FFQ. Mortality was ascertained over 16 years. In men, dietary GI was found to be significantly inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality; the hazard ratios (HR) for the highest v. lowest quartile were 0.80 (95% CI 0.68, 0.95) and 0·64 (95% CI 0.49, 0.84), respectively. Dietary GL was found to be significantly inversely associated with the risk of all-cause, cancer, and non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality; the HR for the highest v. lowest quartile were 0.71 (95% CI 0.59, 0.86), 0.71 (95% CI 0.52, 0.99) nd 0.64 (95% CI 0.48, 0.87), respectively. The results obtained for the GL derived from white rice, but not from other foods, closely mirrored those obtained for overall GL. In women, dietary GI was found to be significantly positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality; the HR for the highest v. lowest quartile was 1.56 (95% CI 1.15, 2.13). The results of the present study suggest potential favourable effects of dietary GI and GL on mortality in men, but an association between high GI and an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in women.
血糖生成指数（GI）或血糖负荷（GL）较高的饮食被认为会增加患糖尿病、心血管疾病（CVD）和某些癌症的风险。在本研究中，在以白米为饮食中GI和GL主要来源的日本普通人群中，前瞻性地研究了饮食GI和GL与全因死亡率及特定病因死亡率之间的关联。本分析纳入了1992年对一份自填问卷做出回应的日本高山市的28356名居民。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入量。在16年期间确定死亡率。在男性中，发现饮食GI与全因死亡率以及非癌症、非心血管疾病死亡率的风险显著负相关；最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比的风险比（HR）分别为0.80（95%置信区间0.68, 0.95）和0.64（95%置信区间0.49, 0.84）。发现饮食GL与全因死亡率、癌症死亡率以及非癌症、非心血管疾病死亡率的风险显著负相关；最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比的HR分别为0.71（95%置信区间0.59, 0.86）、0.71（95%置信区间0.52, 0.99）和0.64（95%置信区间0.48, 0.87）。从白米而非其他食物得出的GL的结果与总体GL的结果非常相似。在女性中，发现饮食GI与心血管疾病死亡率的风险显著正相关；最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比的HR为1.56（95%置信区间1.15, 2.13）。本研究结果表明饮食GI和GL对男性死亡率可能有有利影响，但高GI与女性心血管疾病死亡率增加之间存在关联。
