Okeke Lilian Akudo, Cadmus Simeon, Okeke Ikenna Osemeka, Muhammad Maryam, Awoloh Oluchi, Dairo David, Waziri Endie Ndadilnasiya, Olayinka Adebola, Nguku Patrick Mboyo, Fawole Olufunmilayo
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
Faculty of Veterinary Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Jul 21;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):7. doi: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.3841. eCollection 2014.
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is widespread yet poorly controlled in Nigeria hence posing a public health threat. This study determined the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and factors associated with MTC among slaughtered cattle at Jos South Abattoir in Plateau State, Nigeria.
We conducted a cross sectional study in which we collected 168 lung samples systematically from 485 slaughtered cattle from May-June, 2012, and tested for acid fast bacilli (AFB) using Ziehl-Neelsen test and a duplex polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) for MTC detection. Data on cattle socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for zoonotic BTB infection was obtained and analyzed using Epi info version 3.5.3 to determine frequency, proportions, and prevalence odds ratios. Multiple logistic regression was done at 95% Confidence Interval (CI).
The mean age of the cattle was 5.6 ± 1.3 years and (108) 64.3% were females. Majority were indigenous White Fulani breed of cattle (58.5%) and about half (54.8%) were slightly emaciated. Prevalence of MTB complex was 21.4% by AFB test and 16.7% by duplex PCR. Of 33 (19.6%) lungs with lesions, 27 (81.8%) were positive for AFB; while of 135 (80.4%) lungs without lesions, 9 (6.7%) were positive for AFB. Lungs with lesions were 52 times more likely to test positive to AFB test compared to tissues without lesions (AOR=52.3; 95% CI: 16.4-191.8).
The presence of MTC in cattle signifies its potential risk to public health. Presence of lesions on lungs is a reliable indicator of MTC infection that meat inspectors should look out for.
牛结核病（BTB）在尼日利亚广泛传播但控制不力，因此对公共卫生构成威胁。本研究确定了尼日利亚高原州乔斯南屠宰场屠宰牛群中结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）的流行情况以及与MTC相关的因素。
我们进行了一项横断面研究，于2012年5月至6月从485头屠宰牛中系统收集了168份肺样本，使用齐-尼氏染色法检测抗酸杆菌（AFB），并采用双重聚合酶链反应技术（PCR）检测MTC。获取了牛的社会人口学特征数据以及人畜共患型牛结核病感染的危险因素，并使用Epi info 3.5.3版本进行分析，以确定频率、比例和患病率比值比。在95%置信区间（CI）进行多因素逻辑回归分析。
牛的平均年龄为5.6±1.3岁，（108头）64.3%为雌性。大多数是本土的白富拉尼牛品种（58.5%），约一半（54.8%）略显消瘦。AFB检测显示MTC的患病率为21.4%，双重PCR检测为16.7%。在33个（19.6%）有病变的肺中，27个（81.8%）AFB检测呈阳性；而在135个（80.4%）无病变的肺中，9个（6.7%）AFB检测呈阳性。与无病变组织相比，有病变的肺AFB检测呈阳性的可能性高52倍（优势比=52.3；95%CI：16.4 - 191.8）。
牛群中存在MTC表明其对公共卫生具有潜在风险。肺部病变的存在是MTC感染的可靠指标，肉类检查员应予以关注。
