Woldemariam Tefera, Mohammed Temesgen, Zewude Aboma, Chanyalew Mahlet, Khalifa Hazim O, Mamo Gezahegne, Ameni Gobena
School of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 10;12:1527279. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1527279. eCollection 2025.
The zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis (TB) from cattle to humans has long been recognized, while the reverse transmission from humans to animals has only recently been reported. The socioeconomic conditions in rural Ethiopia are conducive to the zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of TB between cattle and humans. This study aimed to explore the transmission of the complex between cattle and humans in Central Ethiopia.
To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,896 cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs and 392 human subjects suspected of tuberculosis who visited health institutions for treatment. Mycobacteriological culture and spoligotyping were used for the study. Additionally, the Spoligotype International Types and VNTR (variable number of DNA tandem repeats) International Types (SITVIT2) database and the online tool "Run TB-Lineage" were used to identify SIT and lineages of the isolates from both humans and cattle.
Culture positivity was found in 26.3% (21/80) of the gross TB-suspicious tissue lesions in the lungs and lymph nodes (mandibular, retropharyngeal, cranial, and caudal mediastinal, as well as left and right bronchial, hepatic, and mesenteric lymph nodes) of cattle. Of the 21 cattle isolates, 12 (57.2%) were identified as while the remaining 9 (42.8%) were classified as . Similarly, only 22% (86/392) of the sputum samples from TB-suspicious humans were culture positive. These 86 human isolates included 81 , three and two by spoligotyping. SIT50, SIT118, and SIT1318, which belong to the human species, were isolated from both humans and cattle. The two human isolates exhibited the pattern of SB1443, which was not identified in cattle within this study area.
The zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmissions of TB were confirmed in Ethiopia by isolating two from humans and nine from cattle, which suggested a greater role for in cattle compared to in humans.
结核病（TB）从牛到人的人畜共患传播早已得到认可，而从人到动物的反向传播直到最近才被报道。埃塞俄比亚农村的社会经济状况有利于牛与人之间结核病的人畜共患和反向人畜共患传播。本研究旨在探索埃塞俄比亚中部牛与人之间的传播情况。
为实现这一目标，开展了一项横断面研究，涉及在两个屠宰场宰杀的1896头牛以及392名因疑似结核病前往医疗机构治疗的人类受试者。采用分枝杆菌培养和间隔寡核苷酸分型（spoligotyping）进行研究。此外，利用间隔寡核苷酸分型国际类型和可变数目串联重复序列（VNTR）国际类型（SITVIT2）数据库以及在线工具“运行结核分枝杆菌谱系”来鉴定人和牛分离株的SIT和谱系。
在牛的肺部和淋巴结（下颌、咽后、颅部和尾部纵隔以及左右支气管、肝和肠系膜淋巴结）的26.3%（21/80）肉眼可见的结核病可疑组织病变中发现培养阳性。在这21株牛分离株中，12株（57.2%）被鉴定为[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]，其余9株（42.8%）被归类为[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]。同样，来自疑似结核病患者的痰标本中只有22%（86/392）培养阳性。通过间隔寡核苷酸分型，这86株人分离株包括81株[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]、3株[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]和2株[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]。属于人类菌株类型的SIT50、SIT118和SIT1318在人和牛中均有分离。两株人[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]分离株呈现出SB1443模式，在本研究区域的牛中未发现该模式。
通过从人分离出两株[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]以及从牛分离出9株[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]，证实了埃塞俄比亚存在结核病的人畜共患和反向人畜共患传播，这表明[此处原文缺失具体菌株类型]在牛中的作用比在人中更大。
