Gidado Saheed, Nguku Patrick, Biya Oladayo, Waziri Ndadilnasiya Endie, Mohammed Abdulaziz, Nsubuga Peter, Akpan Henry, Oyemakinde Akin, Nasidi Abdulsalami, Suleman Idris, Abanida Emmanuel, Musa Yusuf, Sabitu Kabir
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria ; Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Jul 21;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):9. doi: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.4149. eCollection 2014.
Immunization is a cost-effective public health intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey of 2008 indicated that only 5.4% of children aged 12-23 months in Bungudu, Zamfara State were fully immunized. We conducted this study to identify the determinants of routine immunization coverage in this community.
We conducted a cross-sectional study. We sampled 450 children aged 12-23 months. We interviewed mothers of these children using structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on immunization, vaccination status of children and reasons for non-vaccination. We defined a fully immunized child as a child who had received one dose of BCG, three doses of oral polio vaccine, three doses of Diptheria-Pertusis-Tetanus vaccine and one dose of measles vaccine by 12 months of age. We performed bivariate analysis and logistic regression using Epi-info software.
The mean age of mothers and children were 27 years (standard error (SE): 0.27 year) and 17 months (SE: 0.8 month) respectively. Seventy nine percent of mothers had no formal education while 84% did not possess satisfactory knowledge on immunization. Only 7.6% of children were fully immunized. Logistic regression showed that possessing satisfactory knowledge (Adjusted OR=18.4, 95% CI=3.6-94.7) and at least secondary education (Adjusted OR=3.6, 95% CI=1.2-10.6) were significantly correlated with full immunization.
The major determinants of immunization coverage were maternal knowledge and educational status. Raising the level of maternal knowledge and increasing maternal literacy level are essential to improve immunization coverage in this community.
免疫接种是一种具有成本效益的公共卫生干预措施，可降低与传染病相关的发病率和死亡率。2008年尼日利亚人口与健康调查表明，赞法拉州邦古杜12至23个月大的儿童中，只有5.4% 完成了全程免疫接种。我们开展这项研究以确定该社区常规免疫接种覆盖率的决定因素。
我们进行了一项横断面研究。我们抽取了450名12至23个月大的儿童作为样本。我们使用结构化问卷对这些儿童的母亲进行访谈，以收集有关社会人口学特征、免疫接种知识、儿童疫苗接种状况及未接种原因的数据。我们将一名在12月龄前接种过一剂卡介苗、三剂口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、三剂白喉 - 百日咳 - 破伤风疫苗和一剂麻疹疫苗的儿童定义为完成全程免疫接种的儿童。我们使用Epi - info软件进行双变量分析和逻辑回归。
母亲和儿童的平均年龄分别为27岁（标准误（SE）：0.27岁）和17个月（SE：0.8个月）。79% 的母亲未接受过正规教育，而84% 的母亲对免疫接种没有充分的了解。只有7.6% 的儿童完成了全程免疫接种。逻辑回归显示，具备充分的知识（调整后的比值比=18.4，95% 置信区间=3.6 - 94.7）和至少接受过中等教育（调整后的比值比=3.6，95% 置信区间=1.2 - 10.6）与全程免疫接种显著相关。
免疫接种覆盖率的主要决定因素是母亲的知识水平和教育程度。提高母亲的知识水平和识字率对于提高该社区的免疫接种覆盖率至关重要。
