Abelin T, Schlettwein-Gsell D
Dept. of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Compr Gerontol A. 1989;3 Suppl:51-6.
The purpose of the present article is to describe the situation in which informal help is no longer sufficient, and thus to contribute to the understanding needed for the planning of organized services. Interviews were conducted with a stratified random sample of 480 over 65-year-olds in two urban areas of Switzerland representing a 80.4% response rate. The married elderly receive most of their daily help from their spouse; daily nursing assistance to the widowed elderly comes from a family member (60-70%) or from organized services, whereas neighbours may provide occasional help in household activities. Unmarried old people in need of daily help live almost always in stationary institutions. Under the conditions examined, domiciliary services for the disabled elderly serve to complement informal help rather than to replace it. Supporting and motivating informal caregivers would seem to be a promising strategy toward more efficient domiciliary services.
本文旨在描述非正式帮助不再足够的情况，从而有助于为有组织服务的规划提供所需的理解。在瑞士两个城市地区，对480名65岁以上老人进行了分层随机抽样访谈，回复率为80.4%。已婚老人的日常帮助大多来自配偶；丧偶老人的日常护理帮助来自家庭成员（60%-70%）或有组织的服务，而邻居可能会在家庭活动中提供偶尔的帮助。需要日常帮助的未婚老人几乎总是住在固定机构中。在所研究的条件下，为残疾老人提供的居家服务起到补充而非取代非正式帮助的作用。支持和激励非正式照料者似乎是提高居家服务效率的一个有前景的策略。
