Brinton Lindsey T, Sloane Hillary S, Kester Mark, Kelly Kimberly A
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, PO Box 800759 Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA,
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Feb;72(4):659-71. doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1764-3. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
Exosomes offer new insight into cancer biology with both diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Because of their cell-to-cell communication, exosomes influence tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy. They can be isolated from blood and other bodily fluids to reveal disease processes occurring within the body, including cancerous growth. In addition to being a reservoir of cancer biomarkers, they can be re-engineered to reinstate tumor immunity. Tumor exosomes interact with various cells of the microenvironment to confer tumor-advantageous changes that are responsible for stromal activation, induction of the angiogenic switch, increased vascular permeability, and immune escape. Exosomes also contribute to metastasis by aiding in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Furthermore, exosomes protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs and transfer chemoresistance properties to nearby cells. Thus, exosomes are essential to many lethal elements of cancer and it is important to understand their biogenesis and role in cancer.
外泌体为癌症生物学提供了新的见解，具有诊断和治疗意义。由于其细胞间通讯功能，外泌体影响肿瘤进展、转移和治疗效果。它们可以从血液和其他体液中分离出来，以揭示体内发生的疾病过程，包括癌性生长。除了作为癌症生物标志物的储存库外，它们还可以进行重新设计以恢复肿瘤免疫。肿瘤外泌体与微环境中的各种细胞相互作用，赋予肿瘤有利的变化，这些变化导致基质激活、血管生成开关的诱导、血管通透性增加和免疫逃逸。外泌体还通过促进上皮-间质转化和形成前转移生态位来促进转移。此外，外泌体保护肿瘤细胞免受化疗药物的细胞毒性作用，并将化疗耐药特性转移到附近细胞。因此，外泌体对癌症的许多致命因素至关重要，了解它们的生物发生及其在癌症中的作用非常重要。
