Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
Mol Cancer. 2019 Mar 11;18(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-0995-1.
A pre-metastatic niche is a microenvironment prepared for the colonization of circulating tumor cells in specific organs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a variety of biological functions. Exosomes play an irreplaceable role in the development of pre-metastatic niches, and mainly function as communication medium. In this review, we analyzed the effects of exosomes on pre-metastatic niches from various perspectives, including inflammation, immune response, angiogenesis, organotropism, matrix remodeling and biomarker expression. In particular, exosomes express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cause the immune escape of tumor cells. The immunomodulatory effects of exosomes and their potential in liquid diagnosis have drawn our attention. The potential value of exosomes and pre-metastatic niches will be realized in the field of immunity therapy.
转移前生态位是为循环肿瘤细胞在特定器官定植而准备的微环境。外泌体是具有多种生物学功能的细胞外囊泡。外泌体在外泌体转移前生态位的形成中起着不可替代的作用，主要作为通讯媒介。在这篇综述中，我们从炎症、免疫反应、血管生成、器官趋向性、基质重塑和生物标志物表达等多个角度分析了外泌体对转移前生态位的影响。特别是外泌体表达程序性死亡配体 1（PD-L1），导致肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸。外泌体的免疫调节作用及其在液体诊断中的潜力引起了我们的注意。外泌体和转移前生态位的潜在价值将在免疫治疗领域得到体现。
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