特质正念与心血管健康的正相关关系：新英格兰家庭研究
Positive Associations of Dispositional Mindfulness with Cardiovascular Health: the New England Family Study.
作者信息
Loucks Eric B, Britton Willoughby B, Howe Chanelle J, Eaton Charles B, Buka Stephen L
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main St., Providence, RI, 02906, USA,
出版信息
Int J Behav Med. 2015 Aug;22(4):540-50. doi: 10.1007/s12529-014-9448-9.
BACKGROUND
Mindfulness (the ability to attend nonjudgmentally to one's own physical and mental processes) is receiving substantial interest as a potential determinant of health. However, little is known whether mindfulness is associated with cardiovascular health.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether dispositional mindfulness is associated with cardiovascular health.
METHOD
Study participants (n = 382) were from the New England Family Study, born in Providence, RI, USA, with mean age 47 years. Dispositional mindfulness was assessed using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Cardiovascular health was assessed based on American Heart Association criteria. Cross-sectional multivariable-adjusted log binomial regression analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Analyses demonstrated that those with high vs. low MAAS had prevalence ratio (PR) for good cardiovascular health of 1.83 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.07, 3.13), adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. There were significant associations of high vs. low mindfulness with nonsmoking (PR = 1.37, 95 % CI 1.06, 1.76), body mass index <25 kg/m(2) (PR = 2.17, 95 % CI 1.16, 4.07), fasting glucose <100 mg/dL (PR = 1.47, 95 % CI 1.06, 2.04), and high physical activity (PR = 1.56, 95 % CI 1.04, 2.35), but not blood pressure, total cholesterol, or fruit/vegetable consumption. Exploratory mediation analyses suggested that sense of control and depressive symptomatology may be mediators.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated preliminary cross-sectional evidence that dispositional mindfulness is positively associated with cardiovascular health, with the associations particularly driven by smoking, body mass index, fasting glucose, and physical activity. If in future research mindfulness-based practices are found to consistently improve cardiovascular disease risk factors, such interventions may have potential to strengthen effects of cardiovascular health promotion programs.
背景
正念（即不加评判地关注自身身心过程的能力）作为健康的一个潜在决定因素正受到广泛关注。然而，关于正念是否与心血管健康相关却知之甚少。
目的
本研究旨在评估特质正念是否与心血管健康相关。
方法
研究参与者（n = 382）来自新英格兰家庭研究，出生于美国罗德岛州普罗维登斯，平均年龄47岁。使用正念注意觉知量表（MAAS）评估特质正念。根据美国心脏协会标准评估心血管健康。进行横断面多变量调整对数二项回归分析。
结果
分析表明，在对年龄、性别和种族/族裔进行调整后，MAAS得分高与低的人群相比，心血管健康良好的患病率比（PR）为1.83（95%置信区间[CI] 1.07，3.13）。正念得分高与低与不吸烟（PR = 1.37，95% CI 1.06，1.76）、体重指数<25 kg/m²（PR = 2.17，95% CI 1.16，4.07）、空腹血糖<100 mg/dL（PR = 1.47，95% CI 1.06，2.04）以及高体力活动（PR = 1.56，95% CI 1.04，2.35）存在显著关联，但与血压、总胆固醇或水果/蔬菜摄入量无关。探索性中介分析表明，控制感和抑郁症状可能是中介因素。
结论
本研究提供了初步的横断面证据，表明特质正念与心血管健康呈正相关，这种关联尤其由吸烟、体重指数、空腹血糖和体力活动驱动。如果在未来研究中发现基于正念的实践能够持续改善心血管疾病风险因素，此类干预措施可能有潜力增强心血管健康促进项目的效果。
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