Roy Meera, Balaratnasingam Sivasankaran
Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;6(4):363-72. doi: 10.1111/appy.12157. Epub 2014 Oct 22.
The review summarizes important literature in the emerging field of intellectual disability (ID) in indigenous Australians. Search of various electronic databases revealed 19 papers that provide information regarding prevalence, sociodemographic factors, and issues in assessment and management. Overall, there is limited information regarding ID in indigenous Australians, which is reported to be more prevalent compared with nonindigenous Australians. Sociocultural constructs affect what is considered to be ID in indigenous communities and this may be at odds with western notions. Other difficulties include lack of validated psychometric instruments to effectively measure cognitive functioning in indigenous Australians. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors are significant factors that impair brain development and contribute to ID in indigenous communities. Comorbid physical and psychiatric disorders need to be assessed and managed. This paper provides an overview of current knowledge regarding this important area that requires further research, appropriate training, and resourcing.
这篇综述总结了澳大利亚原住民智力残疾（ID）这一新兴领域的重要文献。对各种电子数据库的检索发现了19篇论文，这些论文提供了有关患病率、社会人口学因素以及评估和管理问题的信息。总体而言，关于澳大利亚原住民智力残疾的信息有限，据报道，与非原住民澳大利亚人相比，智力残疾在原住民中更为普遍。社会文化结构影响着原住民社区中被视为智力残疾的情况，这可能与西方观念不一致。其他困难包括缺乏经过验证的心理测量工具来有效测量澳大利亚原住民的认知功能。产前、围产期和产后因素是损害大脑发育并导致原住民社区智力残疾的重要因素。需要对合并的身体和精神疾病进行评估和管理。本文概述了关于这一重要领域的当前知识，该领域需要进一步研究、适当的培训和资源投入。
