Padial André A, Ceschin Fernanda, Declerck Steven A J, De Meester Luc, Bonecker Cláudia C, Lansac-Tôha Fabio A, Rodrigues Liliana, Rodrigues Luzia C, Train Sueli, Velho Luiz F M, Bini Luis M
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 23;9(10):e111227. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111227. eCollection 2014.
Recently, community ecologists are focusing on the relative importance of local environmental factors and proxies to dispersal limitation to explain spatial variation in community structure. Albeit less explored, temporal processes may also be important in explaining species composition variation in metacommunities occupying dynamic systems. We aimed to evaluate the relative role of environmental, spatial and temporal variables on the metacommunity structure of different organism groups in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil). We used data on macrophytes, fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, periphyton, and phytoplankton collected in up to 36 habitats during a total of eight sampling campaigns over two years. According to variation partitioning results, the importance of predictors varied among biological groups. Spatial predictors were particularly important for organisms with comparatively lower dispersal ability, such as aquatic macrophytes and fish. On the other hand, environmental predictors were particularly important for organisms with high dispersal ability, such as microalgae, indicating the importance of species sorting processes in shaping the community structure of these organisms. The importance of watercourse distances increased when spatial variables were the main predictors of metacommunity structure. The contribution of temporal predictors was low. Our results emphasize the strength of a trait-based analysis and of better defining spatial variables. More importantly, they supported the view that "all-or-nothing" interpretations on the mechanisms structuring metacommunities are rather the exception than the rule.
最近，群落生态学家们正专注于当地环境因素和扩散限制替代指标的相对重要性，以解释群落结构的空间变异。尽管较少被探讨，但时间过程在解释占据动态系统的集合群落中物种组成变化方面可能也很重要。我们旨在评估环境、空间和时间变量对上巴拉那河泛滥平原（巴西）不同生物类群集合群落结构的相对作用。我们使用了在两年内共八次采样活动中，在多达36个栖息地收集的大型植物、鱼类、底栖大型无脊椎动物、浮游动物、周丛生物和浮游植物的数据。根据变异分解结果，预测因子的重要性在不同生物类群中有所不同。空间预测因子对扩散能力相对较低的生物（如水生大型植物和鱼类）尤为重要。另一方面，环境预测因子对扩散能力高的生物（如微藻）尤为重要，这表明物种分选过程在塑造这些生物的群落结构中具有重要性。当空间变量是集合群落结构的主要预测因子时，河道距离的重要性增加。时间预测因子的贡献较低。我们的结果强调了基于性状分析和更好地定义空间变量的优势。更重要的是，它们支持了这样一种观点，即对集合群落构建机制的“非此即彼”解释更多是例外而非普遍规律。
