Laboratório de Ecologia de Produtores Primários, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 1;18(8):e0288385. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288385. eCollection 2023.
Amazon streams present great biodiversity and offer several ecosystem services, but these systems are threatened by multiple land uses. The changes created by land use are expected to drive the composition of species, ultimately changing the trophic relationships of several biological groups, including zooplankton. We investigated if land use changes the composition of zooplankton functional guilds in Amazon streams and which are the local (physical-chemical) variables driving the zooplankton functional guilds in the land-use gradient. Zooplankton and physical-chemical variables were sampled in 17 water bodies in the municipality of Barcarena, Pará, Brazil in 2018 and 2019, five sampling sites were in the Pará River and 12 in streams. Forest cover (a proxy for land use) was determined through digital image processing and converted in percentage. Zooplankton species were classified into five functional guilds (filter, raptorial, scraper, suctor, and predator feeders). We recorded 98 zooplankton taxa and filters were the most abundant functional guild. The composition of zooplankton functional guilds did not change in the land use gradient. However, the distribution of zooplankton functional guilds in Amazon streams was determined by local environmental variables related to the feeding strategies. Scraper-feeders (cladocerans) were positively related to greater canopy cover, suctor-feeders and predator-feeders (both rotifers) were related to greater total phosphorus, whereas filter-feeders (rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods) and raptorial (copepods) were related to total suspended solids. This study brings new information about zooplankton in Amazon streams that are under-studied. The functional approach clarifies the patterns observed and reflects the trophic relationships in which the zooplankton community is involved in streams under a degree of land use, i.e., scraper-cladocerans can represent more preserved streams under greater canopy cover, whereas the other functional guilds were related to variables that can represent more altered streams.
亚马逊河流域拥有丰富的生物多样性，提供了多种生态系统服务，但这些系统受到多种土地利用的威胁。土地利用的变化预计将改变物种的组成，最终改变包括浮游动物在内的多个生物群体的营养关系。我们研究了土地利用变化是否改变了亚马逊河流域浮游动物功能类群的组成，以及在土地利用梯度中驱动浮游动物功能类群的本地（理化）变量是什么。2018 年和 2019 年，我们在巴西帕拉州巴卡里纳市的 17 个水体中采集了浮游动物和理化变量，其中 5 个采样点位于帕拉河，12 个位于溪流。森林覆盖率（土地利用的代理变量）是通过数字图像处理确定的，并转换为百分比。浮游动物物种被分为 5 个功能类群（滤食者、捕食者、刮食者、吸食者和掠食者）。我们记录了 98 种浮游动物，其中滤食者是最丰富的功能类群。在土地利用梯度上，浮游动物功能类群的组成没有变化。然而，亚马逊河流域浮游动物功能类群的分布是由与摄食策略相关的本地环境变量决定的。刮食者（枝角类）与更大的冠层覆盖度呈正相关，吸食者和掠食者（两者均为轮虫）与总磷呈正相关，而滤食者（轮虫、枝角类和桡足类）和掠食者（桡足类）与总悬浮固体呈正相关。这项研究提供了有关亚马逊河流域浮游动物的新信息，这些浮游动物在很大程度上被忽视了。功能方法阐明了所观察到的模式，并反映了浮游动物群落在一定程度的土地利用下所涉及的营养关系，即刮食性枝角类可以代表在更大冠层覆盖下更受保护的溪流，而其他功能类群与代表更受干扰溪流的变量有关。
