Sanchez-Roige Sandra, Peña-Oliver Yolanda, Ripley Tamzin L, Stephens David N
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014 Oct;38(10):2579-89. doi: 10.1111/acer.12535.
A strong association exists between impulsivity and binge drinking, and between adolescent alcohol exposure and alcohol abuse in humans. To understand the extent to which early-life alcohol exposure contributes to increased impulsivity, we developed an animal model of binge drinking using 2 strains of mice, C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA2/J (D2), that differ in both motor impulsivity and alcohol drinking.
Mice were treated with 2 g/kg ethanol (EtOH) during their early (intermittent ethanol exposure [IEE]_Early; postnatal day [PND]30 to 45) or late (IEE_Late; PND45 to 60) adolescence or with saline (control group [CON]) throughout the adolescence period. To determine the consequences IEE on waiting impulsivity and attentional function, the number of premature responses and omissions, respectively, were evaluated in adulthood using the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). To examine the effects of IEE on choice impulsivity, risky decision making was assessed in adulthood using a mouse version of the Iowa Gambling Task (mIGT). Additionally, the acute effects of EtOH in adulthood on waiting impulsivity and choice preference were investigated.
We provide experimental evidence that IEE during late, but not early, adolescence disrupts waiting impulsivity and attentional abilities in the 5-CSRTT. In contrast, IEE during early, but not late, adolescence altered risky decision making in the mIGT. D2 mice consistently showed lower premature responding than B6 mice in both the mIGT and the 5-CSRTT, but greater risky decision making on the mIGT. IEE and CON mice showed similar responsiveness to the acute EtOH effects on premature responding, but increased risky choices only in B6_IEE_Early mice.
Our observations suggest a direct effect of IEE during adolescence on waiting and choice impulsivity and attention later in life.
冲动性与暴饮之间、青少年酒精暴露与人类酒精滥用之间存在密切关联。为了解早年酒精暴露在多大程度上导致冲动性增加，我们使用两种品系的小鼠（C57BL/6J [B6] 和 DBA2/J [D2]）建立了一个暴饮动物模型，这两种小鼠在运动冲动性和酒精饮用量方面均存在差异。
在小鼠青春期早期（间歇性乙醇暴露 [IEE]_早期；出生后第 [PND]30 至 45 天）或晚期（IEE_晚期；PND45 至 60 天）用 2 g/kg 乙醇（EtOH）处理，或在整个青春期用生理盐水处理（对照组 [CON]）。为了确定 IEE 对等待冲动性和注意力功能的影响，成年后使用 5 选串行反应时任务（5-CSRTT）分别评估过早反应和遗漏的数量。为了研究 IEE 对选择冲动性的影响，成年后使用爱荷华赌博任务小鼠版（mIGT）评估风险决策。此外，还研究了成年期 EtOH 对等待冲动性和选择偏好的急性影响。
我们提供的实验证据表明，青春期晚期而非早期的 IEE 会破坏 5-CSRTT 中的等待冲动性和注意力能力。相比之下，青春期早期而非晚期的 IEE 会改变 mIGT 中的风险决策。在 mIGT 和 5-CSRTT 中，D2 小鼠的过早反应始终低于 B6 小鼠，但在 mIGT 上的风险决策更大。IEE 小鼠和 CON 小鼠对急性 EtOH 对过早反应的影响表现出相似的反应性，但仅在 B6_IEE_早期小鼠中增加了风险选择。
我们的观察结果表明，青春期的 IEE 对生命后期的等待和选择冲动性以及注意力有直接影响。
