注意力、冲动性和认知灵活性在青春期暴露于乙醇 binge 的成年雄性大鼠中的测量：任务和乙醇挑战的影响。
Attention, impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility in adult male rats exposed to ethanol binge during adolescence as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task: the effects of task and ethanol challenges.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA.
出版信息
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Jan;219(2):433-42. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2458-2. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
RATIONALE
Alcohol abuse is prevalent in adolescent humans, but the long-term behavioral consequences of binge alcohol drinking are unknown.
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the long-term effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure on attention and impulsivity.
METHODS
Adolescent male rats were exposed to 5 g/kg of 25% (v/w) ethanol every 8 h for 4 days. During adulthood, rats were tested in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) assessing attention, impulsivity and cognitive flexibility.
RESULTS
There was no metabolic tolerance to ethanol in adolescent rats during AIE exposure. In the 5-CSRTT under baseline conditions, there were no differences between AIE-exposed and control rats in accuracy, omissions, or premature responses, although AIE-exposed rats tended to make more timeout responses than control rats. The short-duration stimulus challenge decreased accuracy and increased omissions and timeout responses in both AIE-exposed and control rats. The long intertrial interval challenge increased premature responses in all rats. An ethanol challenge decreased correct responses, and increased omissions in control, but not in AIE-exposed, rats. Control, but not AIE-exposed, rats exhibited decreased premature and timeout responses after ethanol administration. Response latencies were not affected in AIE-exposed or control rats indicating no sedative effects of ethanol challenge.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate that ethanol binge exposure during adolescence has long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences, which persist into adulthood and can be revealed after re-exposure to ethanol. AIE-induced diminished responses to the disruptive effects of ethanol on attention, impulsivity and cognitive flexibility may lead to increased alcohol drinking and other maladaptive behaviors in adulthood.
背景
青少年人群中普遍存在酗酒问题，但目前尚不清楚 binge 饮酒对其长期行为的影响。
目的
本研究旨在探讨青少年间歇性乙醇（AIE）暴露对注意力和冲动性的长期影响。
方法
雄性未成年大鼠每 8 小时接受 5 g/kg、25%（v/w）乙醇处理，共 4 天。成年后，大鼠接受 5 个选择连续反应时任务（5-CSRTT）测试，以评估注意力、冲动性和认知灵活性。
结果
在 AIE 暴露期间，未成年大鼠对乙醇没有代谢耐受。在 5-CSRTT 的基础条件下，AIE 暴露组和对照组大鼠在准确性、遗漏或过早反应方面没有差异，尽管 AIE 暴露组大鼠比对照组大鼠更容易出现超时反应。短暂刺激挑战降低了 AIE 暴露组和对照组大鼠的准确性，增加了遗漏和超时反应。长的间隔时间挑战增加了所有大鼠的过早反应。乙醇挑战降低了对照组大鼠的正确反应，并增加了其遗漏和超时反应，但对 AIE 暴露组大鼠没有影响。与对照组相比，只有对照组大鼠在给予乙醇后，其过早和超时反应减少。反应潜伏期在 AIE 暴露组或对照组大鼠中均未受影响，表明乙醇挑战无镇静作用。
结论
结果表明，青少年期 binge 饮酒会对神经行为产生持久的影响，并持续到成年期，再次暴露于乙醇时会显现出来。AIE 诱导的对乙醇对注意力、冲动性和认知灵活性的破坏作用的反应减弱，可能导致成年后饮酒增加和其他适应不良行为。
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