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奖励反馈可加速运动学习。

Reward feedback accelerates motor learning.

作者信息

Nikooyan Ali A, Ahmed Alaa A

机构信息

Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.

Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado

出版信息

J Neurophysiol. 2015 Jan 15;113(2):633-46. doi: 10.1152/jn.00032.2014. Epub 2014 Oct 29.

Abstract

Recent findings have demonstrated that reward feedback alone can drive motor learning. However, it is not yet clear whether reward feedback alone can lead to learning when a perturbation is introduced abruptly, or how a reward gradient can modulate learning. In this study, we provide reward feedback that decays continuously with increasing error. We asked whether it is possible to learn an abrupt visuomotor rotation by reward alone, and if the learning process could be modulated by combining reward and sensory feedback and/or by using different reward landscapes. We designed a novel visuomotor learning protocol during which subjects experienced an abruptly introduced rotational perturbation. Subjects received either visual feedback or reward feedback, or a combination of the two. Two different reward landscapes, where the reward decayed either linearly or cubically with distance from the target, were tested. Results demonstrate that it is possible to learn from reward feedback alone and that the combination of reward and sensory feedback accelerates learning. An analysis of the underlying mechanisms reveals that although reward feedback alone does not allow for sensorimotor remapping, it can nonetheless lead to broad generalization, highlighting a dissociation between remapping and generalization. Also, the combination of reward and sensory feedback accelerates learning without compromising sensorimotor remapping. These findings suggest that the use of reward feedback is a promising approach to either supplement or substitute sensory feedback in the development of improved neurorehabilitation techniques. More generally, they point to an important role played by reward in the motor learning process.

摘要

最近的研究结果表明,仅奖励反馈就能驱动运动学习。然而,当突然引入干扰时,仅奖励反馈是否能导致学习,或者奖励梯度如何调节学习,目前尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们提供随着误差增加而持续衰减的奖励反馈。我们询问仅通过奖励是否有可能学习突然的视觉运动旋转,以及学习过程是否可以通过结合奖励和感觉反馈和/或使用不同的奖励格局来调节。我们设计了一种新颖的视觉运动学习方案,在此期间,受试者经历突然引入的旋转干扰。受试者接受视觉反馈或奖励反馈,或两者的组合。测试了两种不同的奖励格局,其中奖励随着与目标距离的增加呈线性或立方衰减。结果表明,仅从奖励反馈中学习是可能的,并且奖励和感觉反馈的组合加速了学习。对潜在机制的分析表明,虽然仅奖励反馈不允许进行感觉运动重新映射,但它仍然可以导致广泛的泛化,突出了重新映射和泛化之间的分离。此外,奖励和感觉反馈的组合在不影响感觉运动重新映射的情况下加速了学习。这些发现表明,在开发改进的神经康复技术中,使用奖励反馈是补充或替代感觉反馈的一种有前途的方法。更一般地说,它们指出了奖励在运动学习过程中所起的重要作用。

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