Carlson D E, DeMaria E J, Campbell R W, Gann D S
Section of Neurobiology, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence 02902.
Am J Physiol. 1989 Jan;256(1 Pt 2):R207-16. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.1.R207.
Hemorrhage of 14 ml.kg-1.5 min-1 was done in two groups of chronically prepared, splenectomized Yorkshire pigs that were conditioned behaviorally to lie in a Panepinto sling. In group 1 the conditioning included early use of active restraint. It was done before the preparative surgery and on postoperative day 3 before the experiment on day 4. In group 2 the use of active restraint was minimized during conditioning that was extended to postoperative days 4 and 5 before the experiment on day 6. Before hemorrhage, core temperature and plasma catecholamines, cortisol, adrenocorticotropin, vasopressin, and renin were greater in group 1 than in group 2; but blood volume, hematocrit, and body weight were identical. Peak hormonal concentrations were greater or more sustained during the 1st h after hemorrhage in group 1 than in group 2. Restitution of blood volume was greater in group 1 than in group 2 at 4 and 7 h. Greater total peripheral resistance at 2 h after hemorrhage and greater restitution of plasma protein by 7 h in group 1 contributed to its accelerated volume restoration. Comparison of arterial pressure and of right atrial volume (conductance catheter) between groups suggested that a greater response of arterial or right atrial stretch receptors in group 1 could not account for the results. We suggest that the method and duration of behavioral conditioning and the time for recovery from surgery are important determinants of the hemodynamic and hormonal responses to hemorrhage and their subsequent influence on the restitution of blood volume.
对两组长期准备、脾切除的约克夏猪进行14毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹的出血操作，这些猪已通过行为训练适应躺在帕内平托吊床中。在第1组中，训练包括早期使用主动约束。这在术前准备手术时以及术后第3天（第4天实验前）进行。在第2组中，在训练期间尽量减少主动约束的使用，训练延长至术后第4天和第5天（第6天实验前）。出血前，第1组的核心体温、血浆儿茶酚胺、皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素、血管加压素和肾素水平高于第2组；但血容量、血细胞比容和体重相同。第1组在出血后第1小时内激素浓度峰值高于第2组，且持续时间更长。在第4小时和第7小时，第1组的血容量恢复程度高于第2组。第1组在出血后第2小时总外周阻力更大，在第7小时血浆蛋白恢复程度更高，这有助于其血容量加速恢复。两组之间动脉压和右心房容积（电导导管）的比较表明，第1组动脉或右心房牵张感受器的更大反应无法解释这些结果。我们认为，行为训练的方法和持续时间以及从手术中恢复的时间是对出血的血流动力学和激素反应及其随后对血容量恢复影响的重要决定因素。
