Akhandaf Y, De Henauw S, Dofkova M, Ruprich J, Papadopoulos A, Sirot V, Kennedy M C, Pinchen H, Blume K, Lindtner O, Brantsaeter A L, Meltzer H M, Sioen I
a Department of Public Health , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2015;32(1):9-24. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2014.984776. Epub 2014 Nov 28.
A Total Diet Study (TDS) consists of selecting, collecting and analysing commonly consumed foods to obtain concentration data of different chemical compounds in foods as eaten. A TDS food list summarises the most consumed foods and represents the dietary habits of the general population of the country under study. The work reported here investigated whether TDS food lists that were initially designed for the whole population of the country under study also sufficiently cover the dietary pattern of specific subpopulations that are extra vulnerable for certain contaminants. The work was performed using data of three European countries: the Czech Republic, France and the UK. Each national food consumption database was combined with the corresponding national TDS food list (containing 336, 212 and 119 food items for the Czech Republic, France and the UK, respectively). The data were aggregated on the highest level of hierarchy of FoodEx-1, a pan-European food classification system, including 20 main FoodEx-1 groups. For the group 'milk and dairy products', the coverage of the consumption by the food list was investigated for more refined subgroups. For each food group or subgroup and country, the average percentage of coverage of the diet by the national TDS food list was calculated for different subpopulations, including children versus adults, women versus men, vegetarians versus non-vegetarians, and women of child-bearing age versus older women. The average diet of the different subpopulations was sufficiently covered by the food list of the Czech Republic and France. For the UK the average coverage was low due to a different food-coding approach and because food lists were not derived directly from national food consumption data. At the level of the 20 main food groups, differences between the subpopulations with respect to the average coverage of consumption by the TDS food list were minimal. The differences were more pronounced when looking in detail at the coverage of the dairy consumption. TDS food lists based on the mean consumption of the general population are also applicable to study the chemical exposure of different subpopulations, e.g. children, women of child-bearing age and vegetarians. This lowers the effort when performing a TDS.
总膳食研究（TDS）包括选择、收集和分析常见食用食物，以获取所食用食物中不同化合物的浓度数据。TDS食物清单总结了最常食用的食物，并代表了所研究国家普通人群的饮食习惯。本文报道的研究调查了最初为所研究国家全体人口设计的TDS食物清单是否也能充分涵盖对某些污染物格外敏感的特定亚人群的饮食模式。该研究使用了三个欧洲国家的数据：捷克共和国、法国和英国。每个国家的食物消费数据库都与相应的国家TDS食物清单相结合（捷克共和国、法国和英国的清单分别包含336、212和119种食物）。数据在泛欧洲食物分类系统FoodEx-1的最高层级上进行汇总，该系统包括20个主要的FoodEx-1组。对于“牛奶及奶制品”组，针对更细化的亚组调查了食物清单对其消费的覆盖情况。对于每个食物组或亚组以及每个国家，计算了国家TDS食物清单对不同亚人群饮食的平均覆盖百分比，这些亚人群包括儿童与成人、女性与男性、素食者与非素食者以及育龄妇女与老年妇女。捷克共和国和法国的食物清单充分涵盖了不同亚人群的平均饮食。对于英国，由于采用了不同的食物编码方法且食物清单并非直接源自国家食物消费数据，平均覆盖率较低。在20个主要食物组的层面上，TDS食物清单对亚人群消费的平均覆盖情况差异极小。在详细查看奶制品消费的覆盖情况时，差异更为明显。基于普通人群平均消费的TDS食物清单也适用于研究不同亚人群（如儿童、育龄妇女和素食者）的化学暴露情况。这降低了进行总膳食研究时的工作量。
