German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
Paderborn University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Warburger Straße 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2023 Sep;33(5):794-804. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00522-4. Epub 2023 Feb 1.
The German total diet study (TDS)-BfR MEAL Study-established its food list in 2016 based on food consumption data of children (0.5-<5 years) and adults (14-80 years). The list consists of 356 foods selected for analysis in order to ensure ≥90% coverage of the diet. Recently, new food consumption data for children (0.5-<6 and 6-<12 years) in Germany became available, which raised the opportunity to evaluate the applicability of the MEAL food list 2016 on new data.
We tested the hypotheses that the MEAL food list 2016 also covers ≥90% of the diet of the new collected food consumption data, and that the selection of foods from younger children and adults was sufficient to also cover the middle age group (6-<12 years). Strategies for updating the existing food list were assessed.
Three approaches evaluated the reusability and potential adjustment strategies of the existing food list. Approach 1 applied the existing food list to new food consumption data. Approach 2 allowed the extension of the existing food list to improve coverage of food consumption. Approach 3 set up a new food list based on the new data.
The MEAL food list 2016 covered 94% of the overall diet of the new collected food consumption data. The diet of the middle age group was sufficiently covered with 91%. However, coverage on main food group or population subgroup level was <90% in some cases. Approach 3 most accurately identified relevant modifications to the existing food list. 94% of the MEAL food list 2016 could be re-used and 51 new foods were identified as potentially relevant.
The results suggest that a high investment in the coverage of a TDS food list will lower the effort and the resources to keep data updated in the long-term.
There is no established approach to update a TDS food list. This study provides comparative approaches to handle newly collected food consumption data for follow-on TDS activities. The results provide useful information for institutions planning or updating a TDS. Furthermore, new food consumption data for children in Germany recently became available and are here presented for the first time.
德国总膳食研究（TDS）-BfR 膳食研究于 2016 年根据儿童（0.5-<5 岁）和成人（14-80 岁）的食物消费数据建立了其食物清单。该清单包含了 356 种为分析而选择的食物，以确保饮食覆盖率≥90%。最近，德国儿童（0.5-<6 岁和 6-<12 岁）新的食物消费数据可用，这为评估 MEAL 食物清单 2016 在新数据上的适用性提供了机会。
我们检验了以下假设：MEAL 食物清单 2016 也涵盖了新收集的食物消费数据中≥90%的饮食，并且从年幼儿童和成人中选择的食物足以涵盖中年人群（6-<12 岁）。评估了更新现有食物清单的策略。
三种方法评估了现有食物清单的可重用性和潜在调整策略。方法 1 将现有食物清单应用于新的食物消费数据。方法 2 允许扩展现有食物清单以提高食物消费的覆盖范围。方法 3 根据新数据建立新的食物清单。
MEAL 食物清单 2016 涵盖了新收集的食物消费数据中整体饮食的 94%。中年人群的饮食覆盖率为 91%。然而，在某些情况下，主要食物组或人群亚组层面的覆盖率<90%。方法 3 最准确地确定了对现有食物清单的相关修改。94%的 MEAL 食物清单 2016 可以重复使用，确定了 51 种新的潜在相关食物。
研究结果表明，在 TDS 食物清单的覆盖范围上投入大量资金将降低长期更新数据的工作和资源投入。
目前还没有更新 TDS 食物清单的既定方法。本研究提供了处理新收集的食物消费数据的比较方法，用于后续的 TDS 活动。研究结果为计划或更新 TDS 的机构提供了有用的信息。此外，德国儿童新的食物消费数据最近可用，并首次在此呈现。
