Health Service Executive (HSE) - Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland.
Euro Surveill. 2014 Oct 30;19(43):20942. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.43.20942.
In May 2013, a European alert was issued regarding a hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak in Italy. In June 2013, HAV subgenotype IA with an identical sequence was identified in Ireland in three cases who had not travelled to Italy. The investigation consisted of descriptive epidemiology, a case-control study, microbiological testing of human and food specimens, molecular typing of positive specimens and food traceback. We identified 21 outbreak cases (14 confirmed primary cases) with symptom onset between 31 January and 11 October 2013. For the case-control study, we recruited 11 confirmed primary cases and 42 matched controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have eaten berry cheesecake (matched odds ratio (mOR): 12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-114), whole frozen berries (mOR: 9.5; 95% CI: 1.0-89), yoghurt containing frozen berries (mOR: 6.6, 95% CI: 1.2-37) or raw celery (mOR: 4; 95% CI: 1.2-16). Among cases, 91% had consumed at least one of four products containing frozen berries (mOR: 12; 95% CI: 1.5-94). Sixteen food samples tested were all negative for HAV. As products containing frozen berries were implicated in the outbreak, the public were advised to heat-treat frozen berries before consumption.
2013 年 5 月，欧洲发出警报称意大利爆发了甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）疫情。2013 年 6 月，在爱尔兰的 3 例未前往意大利的病例中发现了与意大利相同序列的 HAV 亚型 IA。该调查包括描述性流行病学、病例对照研究、人类和食品样本的微生物检测、阳性样本的分子分型和食品溯源。我们确定了 21 例暴发病例（14 例确诊原发性病例），其症状发作时间在 2013 年 1 月 31 日至 10 月 11 日之间。在病例对照研究中，我们招募了 11 例确诊原发性病例和 42 例匹配对照。与对照组相比，病例更有可能食用了浆果芝士蛋糕（匹配优势比（mOR）：12；95%置信区间（CI）：1.3-114）、全冷冻浆果（mOR：9.5；95% CI：1.0-89）、含有冷冻浆果的酸奶（mOR：6.6，95% CI：1.2-37）或生芹菜（mOR：4；95% CI：1.2-16）。在病例中，91%的人至少食用过四种含有冷冻浆果的产品中的一种（mOR：12；95% CI：1.5-94）。检测的 16 个食品样本均未检测到 HAV。由于含有冷冻浆果的产品与疫情有关，建议公众在食用前对冷冻浆果进行热处理。
