Beca Juan Pablo, Lecaros Alberto, González Patricio, Sanhueza Pablo, Mandakovic Borislava
Rev Med Chil. 2014 Jul;142(7):903-8. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872014000700011.
Embryo cryopreservation improves efficiency and security of assisted reproduction techniques. Nonetheless, it can be questionable, so it must be justified from technical, legal and ethical points of view. This article analyses these perspectives. Embryo cryopreservation maximizes the probability of pregnancy, avoids new ovary stimulations and reduces the occurrence of multiple gestations. There is consensus that the in vitro embryo deserves legal protection by its own, although not as a newborn. Very few countries prohibit embryo cryopreservation based on the legal duty to protect human life since fecundation. Those countries that allow it, privilege women's reproductive rights. In Chile and in Latin America, no laws have been promulgated to regulate human assisted reproduction. The moral status of the embryo depends on how it is considered. Some believe it is a potential person while others think it is just a group of cells, but all recognize that it requires some kind of respect and protection. There is lack of information about the number of frozen embryos and their final destination. As a conclusion the authors propose that women or couples should have the right to decide autonomously, while institutions ought to be clear in their regulations. And the legislation must establish the legal status of the embryo before its implantation, the couples' rights and the regulation of the embryo cryopreservation. Personal, institutional or legal decisions must assume a concept about the moral status of the human embryo and try to avoid their destruction or indefinite storage.
胚胎冷冻保存提高了辅助生殖技术的效率和安全性。尽管如此，它仍可能存在问题，因此必须从技术、法律和伦理角度进行论证。本文将分析这些观点。胚胎冷冻保存可使怀孕概率最大化，避免再次进行卵巢刺激，并减少多胎妊娠的发生。人们一致认为，体外胚胎本身应受到法律保护，尽管它并非新生儿。极少数国家基于自受精起保护人类生命的法律义务禁止胚胎冷冻保存。那些允许胚胎冷冻保存的国家，优先考虑女性的生殖权利。在智利和拉丁美洲，尚未颁布规范人类辅助生殖的法律。胚胎的道德地位取决于人们如何看待它。一些人认为它是潜在的人，而另一些人则认为它只是一群细胞，但所有人都承认它需要某种形式的尊重和保护。关于冷冻胚胎的数量及其最终去向，信息匮乏。作为结论，作者建议女性或夫妻应有自主决定权，而机构在其规定方面应明确。并且立法必须确定胚胎植入前的法律地位、夫妻的权利以及胚胎冷冻保存的规范。个人、机构或法律决策必须秉持关于人类胚胎道德地位的观念，并尽量避免其被破坏或无限期保存。
