Zhuang Long-Fei, Watt Rory M, Mattheos Nikos, Si Mi-Si, Lai Hong-Chang, Lang Niklaus P
Implant Dentistry, Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 2016 Jan;27(1):13-21. doi: 10.1111/clr.12508. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
To compare the prevalence and levels of six bacterial pathogens within the subgingival/submucosal microbiota at teeth versus implants with various clinical conditions.
Twenty-two Chinese were included. Four subgingival/submucosal sites were selected for microbiological sampling within each subject, that is, (1) healthy peri-implant tissues; (2) peri-implantitis [PPD ≥ 5 mm, presence of bleeding on probing (BOP) and confirmed radiographic bone loss]; (3) healthy gingiva; and (4) periodontitis (PPD ≥4 mm). Subgingival/submucosal plaque was sampled using paper points. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was used to quantify six pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Treponema denticola (T.d.), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n.), Prevotella intermedia (P.i.), and Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.). Counts were log10-transformed.
The most commonly detected species were S. a. and F. n., while A. a. and. P. i. had the lowest detection frequency. The detection frequencies of diseased tooth or implant sites for each of the six target species were either equal to or higher than the respective frequencies at the corresponding healthy sites. There were no statistically significant differences for any of the species or clinical sites (P > 0.05, Cochran's Q test). No statistically significant differences in the bacterial loads were found among the four clinical sites; with the exception of F. nucleatum. This was more abundant in periodontitis sites (P = 0.023, Friedman's 2-way anova). Both periodontal and peri-implant sites, irrespective of their health status, were revealed to harbor S. aureus cells. The log10-transformed loads of S. aureus were approximately 3.5 within each of the clinical sites (P = 0.232). This was the highest of the six species analyzed.
Within the same subjects, putative periodontal pathogens were common to both periodontal and peri-implant sites irrespective of health status. The prevalence and levels of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were significantly associated with periodontitis, but not with peri-implantitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with both disease conditions, periodontitis and peri-implantitis, but not with either gingival or mucosal health.
比较在不同临床状况下，牙齿与种植体周围龈下/粘膜下微生物群中六种细菌病原体的患病率和水平。
纳入22名中国人。在每个受试者中选择四个龈下/粘膜下部位进行微生物采样，即：(1)健康种植体周围组织；(2)种植体周炎[探诊深度(PPD)≥5mm，探诊出血(BOP)且影像学证实有骨吸收]；(3)健康牙龈；(4)牙周炎(PPD≥4mm)。使用纸尖采集龈下/粘膜下菌斑。采用定量实时聚合酶链反应(q-PCR)对六种病原体进行定量，包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.g.)、具核梭杆菌(F.n.)、伴放线聚集杆菌(A.a.)、中间普氏菌(P.i.)、齿垢密螺旋体(T.d.)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S.a.)。计数进行log10转换。
最常检测到的菌种是金黄色葡萄球菌和具核梭杆菌，而伴放线聚集杆菌和中间普氏菌的检测频率最低。六个目标菌种中，患病牙齿或种植体部位的检测频率均等于或高于相应健康部位的频率。各菌种或临床部位之间均无统计学显著差异(P>0.05， Cochr an's Q检验)。除具核梭杆菌外，四个临床部位的细菌载量无统计学显著差异。具核梭杆菌在牙周炎部位更为丰富(P = 0.023，Friedman双向方差分析)。牙周和种植体周围部位，无论其健康状况如何，均发现含有金黄色葡萄球菌细胞。每个临床部位金黄色葡萄球菌的log10转换载量约为3.5(P = 0.232)。这是所分析的六个菌种中最高的。
在同一受试者中，无论健康状况如何，假定的牙周病原体在牙周和种植体周围部位均常见。牙龈卟啉单胞菌和具核梭杆菌的患病率和水平与牙周炎显著相关，但与种植体周炎无关。伴放线聚集杆菌与牙周炎和种植体周炎这两种疾病状况相关，但与牙龈或粘膜健康均无关。
