Dáder Beatriz, Legarrea Saioa, Moreno Aránzazu, Plaza María, Carmo-Sousa Michele, Amor Fermín, Viñuela Elisa, Fereres Alberto
Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Associated unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Madrid, Spain.
Pest Manag Sci. 2015 Oct;71(10):1397-406. doi: 10.1002/ps.3942. Epub 2014 Dec 11.
Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLITNs) constitute a novel alternative that combines physical and chemical tactics to prevent insect access and the spread of insect-transmitted plant viruses in protected enclosures. This approach is based on a slow-release insecticide-treated net with large hole sizes that allow improved ventilation of greenhouses. The efficacy of a wide range of LLITNs was tested under laboratory conditions against Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Bemisia tabaci. Two nets were selected for field tests under a high insect infestation pressure in the presence of plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus. The efficacy of Aphidius colemani, a parasitoid commonly used for biological control of aphids, was studied in parallel field experiments.
LLITNs produced high mortality of aphids, although their efficacy decreased over time with sun exposure. Certain nets excluded whiteflies under laboratory conditions; however, they failed in the field. Nets effectively blocked the invasion of aphids and reduced the incidence of viruses in the field. The parasitoid A. colemani was compatible with LLITNs.
LLITNs of appropriate mesh size can become a very valuable tool in combination with biocontrol agents for additional protection against insect vectors of plant viruses under IPM programmes.
长效杀虫剂处理蚊帐（LLITNs）是一种新颖的替代方法，它结合了物理和化学策略，以防止昆虫进入并阻止昆虫传播的植物病毒在保护设施中传播。这种方法基于一种具有大孔径的缓释杀虫剂处理蚊帐，可改善温室通风。在实验室条件下，对多种LLITNs针对桃蚜、棉蚜和烟粉虱的效果进行了测试。在黄瓜花叶病毒和葫芦蚜传黄化病毒感染的植物存在且昆虫侵扰压力较高的情况下，选择了两种蚊帐进行田间试验。同时在田间试验中研究了常用于蚜虫生物防治的寄生蜂——菜蚜茧蜂的效果。
LLITNs使蚜虫死亡率很高，尽管随着日晒其效果随时间下降。某些蚊帐在实验室条件下能排除粉虱；然而，在田间却无效。蚊帐有效地阻止了蚜虫的入侵，并降低了田间病毒的发病率。寄生蜂菜蚜茧蜂与LLITNs兼容。
合适网眼尺寸的LLITNs可成为一种非常有价值的工具，与生物防治剂结合，在综合植保方案下为抵御植物病毒的昆虫传播媒介提供额外保护。
