Deffner Veronika, Küchenhoff Helmut, Maier Verena, Pitz Mike, Cyrys Josef, Breitner Susanne, Schneider Alexandra, Gu Jianwei, Geruschkat Uta, Peters Annette
Statistical Consulting Unit, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Augsburg, Germany.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2016 Jan-Feb;26(1):17-25. doi: 10.1038/jes.2014.73. Epub 2014 Nov 19.
Personal exposure to air pollution is associated with time- and location-specific factors including indoor and outdoor air pollution, meteorology and time activities. Our investigation aims at the description and identification of factors determining personal exposure to particle number concentration (PNC) in everyday situations. Ten volunteers recorded their personal exposure to PNC and kept an activity diary in three different seasons besides stationary measurements of ambient air pollution and meteorology. Background exposure to PNC was modelled using the most predictive variables. In a second step, the effects of the activities were calculated adjusted for the background exposure. The average personal PNC level was highest in winter and was three times higher than the mean stationary PNC level while staying indoors and two times higher while staying outdoors. Personal indoor PNC levels were significantly increased during the use of candles, cooking and the occurrence of smell of food. High stationary outdoor PNC levels and low dew point temperatures were associated with increased personal outdoor PNC levels. Times spent in public transport were associated with lower personal PNC levels than other times spent in transportation. Personal PNC levels in everyday situations exhibited a large variability because of seasonal, microenvironment-specific and activity-specific influences.
个人接触空气污染与特定时间和地点的因素有关，包括室内和室外空气污染、气象条件和时间活动。我们的调查旨在描述和识别在日常情况下决定个人接触颗粒物数量浓度（PNC）的因素。十名志愿者记录了他们个人接触PNC的情况，并在三个不同季节记录了活动日记，同时对环境空气污染和气象条件进行了定点测量。使用最具预测性的变量对PNC的背景暴露进行建模。第二步，在考虑背景暴露的情况下计算活动的影响。个人PNC平均水平在冬季最高，在室内时比固定的PNC平均水平高三倍，在室外时高两倍。在使用蜡烛、做饭以及有食物气味时，个人室内PNC水平显著升高。室外固定PNC水平高和露点温度低与个人室外PNC水平升高有关。乘坐公共交通的时间比其他交通方式的时间与较低的个人PNC水平相关。由于季节、特定微环境和特定活动的影响，日常情况下个人PNC水平表现出很大的变异性。
