Gu Jianwei, Kraus Ute, Schneider Alexandra, Hampel Regina, Pitz Mike, Breitner Susanne, Wolf Kathrin, Hänninen Otto, Peters Annette, Cyrys Josef
Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Environment Science Center, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1a, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015 Mar;218(2):188-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.10.002. Epub 2014 Oct 18.
In order to assess the personal exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) during individual day-time activities and to investigate the impact of different microenvironments on exposure, we measured personal exposure to particle number concentrations (PNC), a surrogate for UFP, among 112 non-smoking participants in Augsburg, Germany over a nearly two-year period from March 2007 to December 2008. We obtained 337 personal PNC measurements from 112 participants together with dairies of their activities and locations. The measurements lasted on average 5.5h and contained on average 330 observations. In addition, ambient PNC were measured at an urban background stationary monitoring site. Personal PNC were highly variable between measurements (IQR of mean: 11780-24650cm(-3)) and also within a single measurement. Outdoor personal PNC in traffic environments were about two times higher than in non-traffic environments. Higher indoor personal PNC were associated with activities like cooking, being in a bistro or exposure to passive smoking. Overall, personal and stationary PNC were weakly to moderately correlated (r<0.41). Personal PNC were much higher than stationary PNC in traffic (ratio: 1.5), when shopping (ratio: 2.4), and indoors with water vapor (ratio: 2.5). Additive mixed models were applied to predict personal PNC by participants' activities and locations. Traffic microenvironments were significant determinants for outdoor personal PNC. Being in a bistro, passive smoking, and cooking contributed significantly to an increased indoor personal PNC.
为了评估个体白天活动期间超细颗粒物（UFP）的个人暴露情况，并研究不同微环境对暴露的影响，我们在2007年3月至2008年12月近两年的时间里，对德国奥格斯堡的112名非吸烟参与者进行了个人颗粒物数量浓度（PNC）测量，PNC可作为UFP的替代指标。我们从112名参与者那里获得了337次个人PNC测量数据，以及他们活动和地点的记录。测量平均持续5.5小时，平均包含330次观测。此外，在城市背景固定监测点测量了环境PNC。个人PNC测量值在不同测量之间（平均四分位数间距：11780 - 24650cm⁻³）以及单次测量内都具有高度变异性。交通环境中的户外个人PNC比非交通环境中的约高两倍。较高的室内个人PNC与烹饪、在小餐馆就餐或被动吸烟等活动有关。总体而言，个人和固定监测的PNC呈弱至中度相关（r < 0.41）。在交通中（比值：1.5）、购物时（比值：2.4）以及室内有水汽时（比值：2.5），个人PNC远高于固定监测的PNC。应用加法混合模型通过参与者的活动和地点来预测个人PNC。交通微环境是户外个人PNC的重要决定因素。在小餐馆就餐、被动吸烟和烹饪对室内个人PNC升高有显著贡献。
