Lecoq Hervé, Katis Nikolaos
INRA, UR407, Station de Pathologie Végétale, Montfavet Cedex, France.
Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Lab, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Adv Virus Res. 2014;90:255-96. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801246-8.00005-6.
More than 70 well-characterized virus species transmitted by a diversity of vectors may infect cucurbit crops worldwide. Twenty of those cause severe epidemics in major production areas, occasionally leading to complete crop failures. Cucurbit viruses' control is based on three major axes: (i) planting healthy seeds or seedlings in a clean environment, (ii) interfering with vectors activity, and (iii) using resistant cultivars. Seed disinfection and seed or seedling quality controls guarantee growers on the sanitary status of their planting material. Removal of virus or vector sources in the crop environment can significantly delay the onset of viral epidemics. Insecticide or oil application may reduce virus spread in some situations. Diverse cultural practices interfere with or prevent vector reaching the crop. Resistance can be obtained by grafting for soil-borne viruses, by cross-protection, or generally by conventional breeding or genetic engineering. The diversity of the actions that may be taken to limit virus spread in cucurbit crops and their limits will be discussed. The ultimate goal is to provide farmers with technical packages that combine these methods within an integrated disease management program and are adapted to different countries and cropping systems.
全球范围内，由多种媒介传播的70多种特征明确的病毒物种可能会感染葫芦科作物。其中有20种会在主要产区引发严重疫情，偶尔会导致作物绝收。葫芦科病毒的防治基于三个主要方面：（i）在清洁的环境中种植健康的种子或幼苗；（ii）干扰媒介的活动；（iii）使用抗性品种。种子消毒以及种子或幼苗质量控制可确保种植者了解其种植材料的卫生状况。清除作物环境中的病毒或媒介源可显著延缓病毒疫情的爆发。在某些情况下，施用杀虫剂或油剂可能会减少病毒传播。多种栽培措施可干扰或阻止媒介接触作物。对于土传病毒，可通过嫁接获得抗性，也可通过交叉保护，或者通常通过常规育种或基因工程来获得抗性。本文将讨论为限制葫芦科作物中病毒传播可采取的各种措施及其局限性。最终目标是为农民提供技术方案，将这些方法整合到综合病害管理计划中，并根据不同国家和种植系统进行调整。
