Moubchiri Chaimaa El, Chahboune Mohamed, Guennouni Morad, Hilali Abderraouf
Hassan First University of Settat, Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Settat, Morocco.
Chouaîb Doukkali University of El Jadida, Higher School of Education and Training, Science and Technology Team, El Jadida, Morocco.
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2025 Feb;16(1):28-41. doi: 10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0204. Epub 2024 Dec 13.
The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to determine the prevalence of substance use among school-going children in Arab and African countries; and second, to highlight the considerable influence of variables such as the nation's region and the timeframe of the study on the prevalence of substance use.
Research was sourced from Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Thirty-seven articles were incorporated in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. This review included studies published from 2013 to 2023. The statistical meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis ver. 3 software. Across 37 studies, the total number of study participants was 73,508.
The meta-analysis revealed that tobacco was the most commonly used substance, with a prevalence of 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7%-20.02%). This was closely followed by alcohol, which had a prevalence of 15% (95% CI, 10.5%-22.8%), stimulants at 11.4% (95% CI, 7.4%-17%), khat at 10% (95% CI, 5.7%-15%), and cannabis at 8% (95% CI, 3.3%-18.4%). Notably, alcohol was the only substance that showed an increasing trend in prevalence from before to after 2019, rising from 13.3% (95% CI, 6.2%-26.1%) to 17% (95% CI, 10.2%-27%) (p<0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of substance use varied significantly between Arab and African countries (p<0.001).
Although the prevalence of substance use among school-going populations has significantly decreased over time, with the exception of alcohol, it is imperative that both African and Arab countries implement comprehensive measures and stringent laws to address the production and marketing of substances.
本综述和荟萃分析的目的有两个：第一，确定阿拉伯和非洲国家在校儿童中的物质使用流行率；第二，强调国家地区和研究时间框架等变量对物质使用流行率的重大影响。
研究来源于科学Direct、Scopus、科学网、谷歌学术和PubMed。根据PRISMA指南纳入了37篇文章。本综述纳入了2013年至2023年发表的研究。使用Comprehensive Meta-Analysis ver. 3软件进行统计荟萃分析。在37项研究中，研究参与者总数为73508人。
荟萃分析显示，烟草是最常用的物质，流行率为16%（95%置信区间[CI]，12.7%-20.02%）。其次是酒精，流行率为15%（95%CI，10.5%-22.8%），兴奋剂为11.4%（95%CI，7.4%-17%），巧茶为10%（95%CI，5.7%-15%），大麻为8%（95%CI，3.3%-18.4%）。值得注意的是，酒精是唯一一种在2019年前后流行率呈上升趋势的物质，从13.3%（95%CI，6.2%-26.1%）上升到17%（95%CI，10.2%-27%）（p<0.001）。此外，阿拉伯和非洲国家之间的物质使用流行率差异显著（p<0.001）。
尽管随着时间的推移，在校人群中的物质使用流行率已显著下降，但酒精除外，非洲和阿拉伯国家都必须采取综合措施和严格法律来应对物质的生产和销售。
