Euhus David M, Diaz Jennifer
Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
Breast J. 2015 Jan-Feb;21(1):76-81. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12352. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with 232,670 new cases estimated in the USA for 2014. Approaches for reducing breast cancer risk include lifestyle modification, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery. Lifestyle modification has a variety of health benefits with few associated risks and is appropriate for all women regardless of breast cancer risk. Chemoprevention options have expanded rapidly, but most are directed at estrogen receptor positive breast cancer and uptake is low. Prophylactic surgery introduces significant additional risks of its own and is generally reserved for the highest risk women.
乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症，2014年美国估计有232,670例新发病例。降低乳腺癌风险的方法包括生活方式改变、化学预防和预防性手术。生活方式改变具有多种健康益处，且相关风险较小，适用于所有女性，无论其患乳腺癌的风险如何。化学预防的选择迅速增加，但大多数针对雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌，且接受率较低。预防性手术本身会带来显著的额外风险，通常仅适用于风险最高的女性。
