Exercise & Nutrition Research Group, School of Exercise Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UA, UK.
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Cell. 2014 Nov 6;159(4):738-49. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.029.
Exercise represents a major challenge to whole-body homeostasis provoking widespread perturbations in numerous cells, tissues, and organs that are caused by or are a response to the increased metabolic activity of contracting skeletal muscles. To meet this challenge, multiple integrated and often redundant responses operate to blunt the homeostatic threats generated by exercise-induced increases in muscle energy and oxygen demand. The application of molecular techniques to exercise biology has provided greater understanding of the multiplicity and complexity of cellular networks involved in exercise responses, and recent discoveries offer perspectives on the mechanisms by which muscle "communicates" with other organs and mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on health and performance.
运动对全身稳态构成重大挑战，会引起众多细胞、组织和器官的广泛紊乱，这些紊乱是由收缩骨骼肌代谢活动增加引起的，或者是对这种增加的反应。为了应对这一挑战，多种整合的、通常是冗余的反应协同作用，以减轻运动引起的肌肉能量和氧气需求增加所产生的稳态威胁。分子技术在运动生物学中的应用，使人们对参与运动反应的细胞网络的多样性和复杂性有了更深入的了解，最近的发现也为肌肉与其他器官“交流”以及介导运动对健康和性能的有益影响的机制提供了新视角。
