Booth F W, Tseng B S, Flück M, Carson J A
Department of Integrative Biology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030, USA.
Acta Physiol Scand. 1998 Mar;162(3):343-50. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0326e.x.
Molecular biology tools can be used to answer questions as to how adaptations occur in skeletal muscle with training that could provide new frameworks to improve physical performance. A number of mRNAs for transfer of metabolic substrates into muscle cells increase after a single bout of exercise demonstrating the responsiveness of some gene expression to exercise. In stretch-induced hypertrophy SRE1 of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter is required to transactivate the promoter. Less retardation of SRF in crude nuclear extracts from the stretched muscle implies a conformational change in SRF because of the stretch. Transgenic animals will provide a tool to test questions concerned with how exercise signals adaptive changes in gene expression. Molecular biological approaches will be able to evaluate the interaction between physical activity levels and the expression of genes that modulate the susceptibility to many chronic diseases. Benefits of exercise extend beyond fitness to better health. Molecular biology is an important tool which should lead to improved physical performance and health in both elite athletes and the general public.
分子生物学工具可用于回答有关骨骼肌如何通过训练产生适应性变化的问题，这可能为提高身体机能提供新的框架。单次运动后，一些负责将代谢底物转运至肌肉细胞的mRNA数量增加，这表明某些基因表达对运动具有响应性。在拉伸诱导的肌肉肥大过程中，骨骼肌α-肌动蛋白启动子的SRE1需要激活该启动子。拉伸肌肉的粗核提取物中SRF的阻滞减少，这意味着SRF因拉伸而发生构象变化。转基因动物将为测试与运动如何信号传导基因表达适应性变化相关的问题提供一种工具。分子生物学方法将能够评估身体活动水平与调节对许多慢性疾病易感性的基因表达之间的相互作用。运动的益处不仅限于健康，还能带来更好的身体状态。分子生物学是一项重要工具，有望提高精英运动员和普通大众的身体机能与健康水平。
