Pedrero-Pérez Eduardo J, Rojo-Mota Gloria, Ruiz-Sánchez de León José M, Fernández-Méndez Laura M, Morales-Alonso Sara, Prieto-Hidalgo Ana
Madrid Salud. Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Centro de Atencion a Drogodependientes (CAD 4-San Blas), Madrid, Espana.
Rev Neurol. 2014 Dec 1;59(11):481-9.
The concept of cognitive reserve has gradually attracted more interest as a greater body of evidence has been collected on its relationship with the resistance of the brain to decline in its functioning when faced with neurological threats or disorders. Although a large amount of research has been conducted on (degenerative, traumatic, psychopathological) conditions, very few studies relate cognitive reserve with substance addiction, a multidimensional process with a clear neurological base.
To explore the cognitive reserve of patients undergoing treatment for addiction to drugs of abuse by relating it with their cognitive performance in neuropsychological tests and in activities of daily living.
The study involved a sample of 57 patients being treated for substance abuse at a centre set up for this specific purpose. The cognitive reserve questionnaire, the Montreal cognitive assessment and the prefrontal symptoms inventory were administered, and variables related with the addiction were collected.
A positive relation was found between the cognitive reserve and the time of abstinence, and a negative one was seen with the severity of the addiction. Significant differences were observed according to the cognitive reserve in neuropsychological performance (especially in certain cognitive domains) and in daily activities.
The cognitive reserve appears as a variable related to addiction and the cognitive deficits that accompany it. It is thus a potential target for rehabilitation activities and is linked to the environmental enrichment paradigm, as a strategy for enhancing resistance against the cognitive impairment that favours and maintains the addiction, and for lowering the reinforcing potential of the behaviour of consuming.
随着越来越多关于认知储备与大脑在面对神经威胁或疾病时功能衰退抵抗力之间关系的证据被收集，认知储备的概念逐渐引起了更多关注。尽管已经针对（退行性、创伤性、精神病理学）病症进行了大量研究，但很少有研究将认知储备与物质成瘾联系起来，物质成瘾是一个具有明确神经学基础的多维度过程。
通过将滥用药物成瘾患者的认知储备与其在神经心理测试和日常生活活动中的认知表现相关联，来探索这些患者的认知储备。
该研究涉及在一个为此特定目的设立的中心接受物质滥用治疗的57名患者样本。实施了认知储备问卷、蒙特利尔认知评估和前额叶症状量表，并收集了与成瘾相关的变量。
发现认知储备与禁欲时间呈正相关，与成瘾严重程度呈负相关。根据认知储备，在神经心理表现（尤其是在某些认知领域）和日常活动中观察到了显著差异。
认知储备似乎是一个与成瘾及其伴随的认知缺陷相关的变量。因此，它是康复活动的一个潜在目标，并且与环境丰富范式相关联，作为一种增强对有利于并维持成瘾的认知障碍的抵抗力以及降低消费行为强化潜力的策略。
