Vicario S, Pérez-Rivas A, de Guevara-Miranda D Ladrón, Santín L J, Sampedro-Piquero P
Fundación HÉROES, Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
Addict Behav. 2020 Aug;107:106399. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106399. Epub 2020 Mar 18.
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) is being considered in the field of substance use disorder (SUD) by observing that there are individuals whose brain alterations are not related to the cognitive symptomatology they present. Our aims were to characterise the possible neuropsychological deficits in a sample of subjects with SUD compared to healthy controls and to determine whether the degree of CR is a mediator in the cognitive functioning of these patients. To perform these objectives, the study involved a sample of subjects with SUD in outpatient treatment and a healthy control group. A CR questionnaire and a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment were administered, and we also collected data related to drug consumption and psychological well-being. The SUD group showed poorer performance compared to the control group in several cognitive domains (attention, declarative memory, executive functions and emotional perception), as well as in psychological comfort. Interestingly, we observed that the deficits found in attention and processing speed were highly mediated by the CR level of the participants, an effect that we did not observe in the rest of the variables registered. Our results suggest that long-term drug consumption leads to cognitive deficits and affects the psychological well-being of the subjects. Moreover, the CR should be taken into account during the assessment and rehabilitation of patients with SUD due to its protective role against certain neuropsychological deficits.
通过观察发现，在物质使用障碍（SUD）领域，认知储备（CR）的概念正在被探讨，即存在一些个体，其大脑改变与他们所表现出的认知症状并无关联。我们的目的是，与健康对照组相比，对患有SUD的受试者样本中的可能存在的神经心理学缺陷进行特征描述，并确定CR程度是否是这些患者认知功能的一个中介因素。为实现这些目标，该研究纳入了接受门诊治疗的SUD受试者样本和一个健康对照组。实施了一份CR问卷和一项全面的神经心理学评估，我们还收集了与药物消费和心理健康相关的数据。与对照组相比，SUD组在几个认知领域（注意力、陈述性记忆、执行功能和情绪感知）以及心理舒适度方面表现较差。有趣的是，我们观察到，在注意力和处理速度方面发现的缺陷很大程度上由参与者的CR水平所介导，而在记录的其他变量中我们并未观察到这种效应。我们的结果表明，长期药物消费会导致认知缺陷并影响受试者的心理健康。此外，由于CR对某些神经心理学缺陷具有保护作用，在对SUD患者进行评估和康复治疗时应予以考虑。
