Jarrold C, Baddeley A D
Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 1997 May 1;2(2):101-22. doi: 10.1080/135468097396351.
Short-term memory for verbal and visuospatial information was examined in a group of children and teenagers with Down's syndrome. Performance on the verbal task was impaired relative to matched control groups, but there were no group differences on the visuospatial task. Relatedly, the Down's syndrome group showed inferior short-term memory for verbal as opposed to visuospatial information, whereas controls showed the opposite pattern. These findings did not appear to result from a general superiority of nonverbal abilities in the Down's syndrome group, or from hearing difficulties that might have impacted on the verbal short-term memory task, in which material was presented auditorily. The results are consistent with the suggestion that Down's syndrome is associated with a selective impairment of the phonological loop component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) working memory model.
对一组患有唐氏综合征的儿童和青少年进行了言语和视觉空间信息的短期记忆测试。与匹配的对照组相比，该组在言语任务上的表现受损，但在视觉空间任务上没有组间差异。相关地，唐氏综合征组在言语信息的短期记忆方面表现较差，而视觉空间信息则相反，而对照组则呈现相反的模式。这些发现似乎并非源于唐氏综合征组非言语能力的普遍优势，也不是由于可能影响言语短期记忆任务的听力困难（该任务中的材料通过听觉呈现）。这些结果与以下观点一致：唐氏综合征与巴德利和希奇（1974年）工作记忆模型中语音回路成分的选择性损伤有关。
