IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst. 2015 Oct;9(5):743-50. doi: 10.1109/TBCAS.2014.2363211. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
A bioimpedance-controlled concept for bone cement milling during revision total hip replacement is presented. Normally, the surgeon manually removes bone cement using a hammer and chisel. However, this procedure is relatively rough and unintended harm may occur to tissue at any time. The proposed bioimpedance-controlled surgical instrumentation improves this process because, for example, most risks associated with bone cement removal are avoided. The electrical bioimpedance measurements enable online process-control by using the milling head as both a cutting tool and measurement electrode at the same time. Furthermore, a novel integrated surgical milling tool is introduced, which allows acquisition of electrical bioimpedance data for online control; these data are used as a process variable. Process identification is based on finite element method simulation and on experimental studies with a rapid control prototyping system. The control loop design includes the identified process model, the characterization of noise as being normally distributed and the filtering, which is necessary for sufficient accuracy ( ±0.5 mm). Also, in a comparative study, noise suppression is investigated in silico with a moving average filter and a Kalman filter. Finally, performance analysis shows that the bioimpedance-controlled surgical instrumentation may also performs effectively at a higher feed rate (e.g., 5 mm/s).
提出了一种用于翻修全髋关节置换术中骨水泥铣削的生物阻抗控制概念。通常，外科医生使用锤子和凿子手动去除骨水泥。然而，该过程相对粗糙，随时都可能对组织造成意外伤害。所提出的生物阻抗控制手术器械改善了这一过程，因为例如，避免了与去除骨水泥相关的大多数风险。电生物阻抗测量通过将铣削头同时用作切割工具和测量电极来实现在线过程控制。此外，引入了一种新型集成手术铣削工具，该工具允许采集电生物阻抗数据以进行在线控制；这些数据用作过程变量。过程识别基于有限元方法模拟和使用快速控制原型系统的实验研究。控制回路设计包括已识别的过程模型、噪声的正态分布特征以及为获得足够精度（±0.5 毫米）所需的滤波。此外，在一项比较研究中，使用移动平均滤波器和卡尔曼滤波器对噪声抑制进行了计算机模拟研究。最后，性能分析表明，生物阻抗控制手术器械在较高进给速度（例如 5 毫米/秒）下也能有效工作。
