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一种关于脆弱性的消除主义方法。

An Eliminativist Approach to Vulnerability.

作者信息

Wrigley Anthony

出版信息

Bioethics. 2015 Sep;29(7):478-87. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12144. Epub 2014 Nov 25.

DOI:10.1111/bioe.12144
PMID:25425540
Abstract

The concept of vulnerability has been subject to numerous different interpretations but accounts are still beset with significant problems as to their adequacy, such as their contentious application or the lack of genuine explanatory role for the concept. The constant failure to provide a compelling conceptual analysis and satisfactory definition leaves the concept open to an eliminativist move whereby we can question whether we need the concept at all. I highlight problems with various kinds of approach and explain why a satisfactory account of vulnerability is unlikely ever to be offered if we wish the concept to play a genuinely explanatory role in bioethical contexts. I outline why an eliminativist position should be taken with regard to this concept in light of these concerns but mitigate some of the severity of this position by arguing that we can still make sense of retaining our widespread use of the term by viewing it as nothing more than a useful pragmatic linguistic device that acts as a marker to draw attention to certain kinds of issue. These issues will be entirely governed by other, better understood ethical concepts and theories.

摘要

脆弱性这一概念已经有了众多不同的解释,但关于这些解释的充分性仍存在重大问题,比如它们在应用上存在争议,或者该概念缺乏真正的解释作用。始终未能提供令人信服的概念分析和令人满意的定义,使得这个概念容易受到消除主义主张的影响,即我们可以质疑是否真的需要这个概念。我强调了各种方法存在的问题,并解释了为何如果我们希望这个概念在生物伦理语境中发挥真正的解释作用,就不太可能提供一个令人满意的关于脆弱性的解释。鉴于这些担忧,我概述了为何应该对这个概念采取消除主义立场,但通过论证我们仍然可以理解保留该术语的广泛使用,即把它仅仅看作是一个有用的实用语言工具,作为一个标记来提请人们注意某些类型的问题,从而缓和了这一立场的严厉程度。这些问题将完全由其他更易理解的伦理概念和理论来支配。

相似文献

1
An Eliminativist Approach to Vulnerability.一种关于脆弱性的消除主义方法。
Bioethics. 2015 Sep;29(7):478-87. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12144. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
2
Vulnerability in human subject research: existential state, not category designation.人类受试者研究中的脆弱性:是生存状态,而非类别划分。
Am J Bioeth. 2004 Summer;4(3):68-70; discussion W32. doi: 10.1080/15265160490497344.
3
Vulnerability in research ethics: a way forward.研究伦理中的漏洞:前进之路。
Bioethics. 2013 Jul;27(6):333-40. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12032. Epub 2013 May 30.
4
Vulnerability: a needed moral safeguard.脆弱性:一项必要的道德保障。
Am J Bioeth. 2004 Summer;4(3):82-4; discussion W32. doi: 10.1080/15265160490907366.
5
Vulnerability as the inability of researchers to act in the best interest of a subject.脆弱性是指研究人员无法以受试者的最佳利益行事。
Am J Bioeth. 2004 Summer;4(3):65-6; discussion W32. doi: 10.1080/15265160490497092.
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The limitations of "vulnerability" as a protection for human research participants.“脆弱性”作为对人类研究参与者的一种保护措施的局限性。
Am J Bioeth. 2004 Summer;4(3):44-9. doi: 10.1080/15265160490497083.
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The research-treatment distinction: a problematic approach for determining which activities should have ethical oversight.研究与治疗的区分:一种用于确定哪些活动应接受伦理监督的有问题的方法。
Hastings Cent Rep. 2013 Jan-Feb;Spec No:S4-S15. doi: 10.1002/hast.133.
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Two kinds of to-kind benefits and other reasons why shared vulnerability can keep clinical studies ethical.两种同类益处以及共享脆弱性可使临床研究保持伦理道德的其他原因。
Am J Bioeth. 2014;14(12):22-4. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2014.964880.
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[The origin of informed consent].[知情同意的起源]
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2005 Oct;25(5):312-27.
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Enriching the concept of vulnerability in research ethics: An integrative and functional account.丰富研究伦理中脆弱性概念:一种综合与功能的观点。
Bioethics. 2019 Jan;33(1):19-34. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12471. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

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