Department of Psychology, Affective Neuropsychology, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany ; Center of Excellence Cognitive Interaction Technology, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Affective Neuropsychology, University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2014 Nov 11;5:1292. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01292. eCollection 2014.
Language has an intrinsically evaluative and communicative function. Words can serve to describe emotional traits and states in others and communicate evaluations. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we investigate how the cerebral processing of emotional trait adjectives is modulated by their perceived communicative sender in anticipation of an evaluation. 16 students were videotaped while they described themselves. They were told that a stranger would evaluate their personality based on this recording by endorsing trait adjectives. In a control condition a computer program supposedly randomly selected the adjectives. Actually, both conditions were random. A larger parietal N1 was found for adjectives in the supposedly human-generated condition. This indicates that more visual attention is allocated to the presented adjectives when putatively interacting with a human. Between 400 and 700 ms a fronto-central main effect of emotion was found. Positive, and in tendency also negative adjectives, led to a larger late positive potential (LPP) compared to neutral adjectives. A centro-parietal interaction in the LPP-window was due to larger LPP amplitudes for negative compared to neutral adjectives within the 'human sender' condition. Larger LPP amplitudes are related to stimulus elaboration and memory consolidation. Participants responded more to emotional content particularly when presented in a meaningful 'human' context. This was first observed in the early posterior negativity window (210-260 ms). But the significant interaction between sender and emotion reached only trend-level on post hoc tests. Our results specify differential effects of even implied communicative partners on emotional language processing. They show that anticipating evaluation by a communicative partner alone is sufficient to increase the relevance of particularly emotional adjectives, given a seemingly realistic interactive setting.
语言具有内在的评价和交际功能。词语可以用来描述他人的情感特征和状态，并传达评价。我们利用脑电图（EEG）研究了在预期评价的情况下，情绪特征形容词的大脑处理过程如何受到感知交际者的影响。16 名学生在描述自己时被录像。他们被告知，一个陌生人会根据这段录音来评价他们的性格，认可性格形容词。在对照条件下，一个计算机程序据称会随机选择形容词。实际上，两种情况都是随机的。在据称是由人产生的条件下，形容词会产生更大的顶区 N1。这表明，当与人类互动时，会分配更多的视觉注意力到呈现的形容词上。在 400 到 700 毫秒之间，发现了一个额中央的主要情绪效应。积极的，而且在趋势上也是消极的形容词，与中性形容词相比，会产生更大的晚正电位（LPP）。在 LPP 窗口中，中央顶区的相互作用是由于在“人类发送者”条件下，负面形容词比中性形容词产生更大的 LPP 幅度。更大的 LPP 幅度与刺激细化和记忆巩固有关。参与者对情绪内容的反应更大，特别是当以有意义的“人类”语境呈现时。这首先在后期负向性窗口（210-260 毫秒）中观察到。但是，在事后测试中，发送者和情绪之间的显著相互作用仅达到趋势水平。我们的结果具体说明了即使是隐含的交际伙伴对情绪语言处理的影响。它们表明，仅在具有看似现实的互动设置下，预期交际伙伴的评价就足以增加特别是情感形容词的相关性。
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