青春期后皮质复杂性的发育变化。
Post-adolescent developmental changes in cortical complexity.
作者信息
Sandu Anca-Larisa, Izard Edouard, Specht Karsten, Beneventi Harald, Lundervold Arvid, Ystad Martin
机构信息
Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Lilian Sutton Building, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, UK.
出版信息
Behav Brain Funct. 2014 Nov 27;10:44. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-44.
BACKGROUND
Post-adolescence is known to be a period of general maturation and development in the human brain. In brain imaging, volumetric and morphologic cortical grey-matter changes can easily be assessed, but the analysis of cortical complexity seems to have been broadly neglected for this age interval.
METHODS
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to acquire structural brain images. The study involved 17 adolescents (mean age 14.1 ± 0.27, 11 girls) who were compared with 14 young adults (mean age 24.24 ± 2.76, 7 women) for measures of brain complexity (fractal dimension--FD), grey matter (GM) volume and surface-area of cortical ribbon. FD was calculated using box-counting and Minkowski-Bouligand methods; FD and GM volume were measured for the whole brain, each hemisphere and lobes: frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal.
RESULTS
The results show that the adults have a lower cortical complexity than the adolescents, which was significant for whole brain, left and right hemisphere, frontal and parietal lobes for both genders; and only for males in left temporal lobe. The GM volume was smaller in men than in boys for almost all measurements, and smaller in women than in girls just for right parietal lobe. A significant Pearson correlation was found between FD and GM volume for whole brain and each hemisphere in both genders. The decrease of the GM surface-area was significant in post-adolescence for males, not for females.
CONCLUSIONS
During post-adolescence there are common changes in cortical complexity in the same regions for both genders, but there are also gender specific changes in some cortical areas. The sex differences from different cortical measurements (FD, GM volume and surface-area of cortical ribbon) could suggest a maturation delay in specific brain regions for each gender in relation to the other and might be explained through the functional role of the corresponding regions reflected in gender difference of developed abilities.
背景
青春期后是人类大脑全面成熟和发育的时期。在脑成像中，皮质灰质的体积和形态变化很容易评估，但对于这个年龄段，皮质复杂性的分析似乎被广泛忽视了。
方法
使用磁共振成像（MRI）获取脑部结构图像。该研究纳入了17名青少年（平均年龄14.1±0.27岁，11名女孩），并与14名年轻人（平均年龄24.24±2.76岁，7名女性）进行比较，以测量脑复杂性（分形维数——FD）、灰质（GM）体积和皮质带表面积。FD使用盒计数法和闵可夫斯基 - 布利冈方法计算；FD和GM体积在全脑、每个半球以及额叶、枕叶、顶叶和颞叶进行测量。
结果
结果显示，成年人的皮质复杂性低于青少年，这在全脑、左右半球、额叶和顶叶对男女两性均有显著差异；仅在左侧颞叶男性中有显著差异。几乎所有测量中，男性的GM体积都比男孩小，仅在右侧顶叶女性的GM体积比女孩小。在男女两性中，全脑和每个半球的FD与GM体积之间均发现显著的皮尔逊相关性。青春期后男性的GM表面积减少显著，女性则不显著。
结论
青春期后，男女两性在相同区域的皮质复杂性存在共同变化，但在某些皮质区域也存在性别特异性变化。不同皮质测量（FD、GM体积和皮质带表面积）的性别差异可能表明，相对于另一方，每种性别的特定脑区成熟延迟，这可能通过相应区域的功能作用来解释，这些功能作用反映在已发展能力的性别差异中。
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