Bramlitt Edward T, Shonka Joseph J
*8813 Camino Osito NE, Albuquerque, NM 87111; †119 Ridgemore Circle, Toccoa, GA 30577.
Health Phys. 2015 Jan;108(1):76-86. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000166.
Crewmembers are exposed to galactic cosmic radiation on every flight and occasionally to solar protons on polar flights. Data are presented showing that the proton occasions are seven times more frequent than generally believed. Crewmembers are also exposed to neutrons and gamma rays from the sun and to gamma rays from terrestrial thunderstorms. Solar neutrons and gamma rays (1) expose the daylight side of Earth, (2) are most intense at lower latitudes, (3) may be as or more frequent than solar protons, and (4) have relativistic energies. The U.S. agency responsible for crewmember safety only considers the galactic component with respect to its recommended 20 mSv y(-1) limit, but it has an estimate for a thunderstorm dose of 30 mSv. In view of overlooked sources, possible over-limit doses, and lack of dosimetry, dose reconstructions are needed. However, using the agency dose estimates and the compensation procedure for U.S. nuclear weapon workers, the probability of crewmember cancers can be at least as likely as not. Ways to improve the quality of dose estimates are suggested, and a worker's compensation program specific to aviation crewmembers is recommended.
每次飞行中机组人员都会受到银河宇宙辐射的照射，在极地飞行时偶尔还会受到太阳质子的照射。所呈现的数据表明，质子照射的频率比普遍认为的高七倍。机组人员还会受到来自太阳的中子和伽马射线以及来自地面雷暴的伽马射线的照射。太阳中子和伽马射线：（1）照射地球的白昼面；（2）在低纬度地区最为强烈；（3）可能与太阳质子照射的频率相同或更高；（4）具有相对论能量。负责机组人员安全的美国机构在其建议的20毫希沃特/年的限值方面仅考虑银河辐射成分，但对雷暴剂量的估计为30毫希沃特。鉴于存在被忽视的辐射源、可能超过限值的剂量以及缺乏剂量测定法，需要进行剂量重建。然而，利用该机构的剂量估计以及美国核武器工作者的补偿程序，机组人员患癌症的可能性至少是存在的。文中提出了提高剂量估计质量的方法，并建议制定专门针对航空机组人员的工人补偿计划。
