Drut A, Ribas T, Floch F, Franchequin S, Freyburger L, Rannou B, Cadoré J L, Bublot I
Service de Médecine Interne, VetAgro Sup Lyon Campus Vétérinaire, Université de Lyon, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, Lyon, France.
J Small Anim Pract. 2015 Feb;56(2):112-8. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12300. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
To determine the prevalence of physiological heart murmurs in healthy young adult dogs.
Healthy dogs aged between 1 and 5 years were enrolled prospectively. All participating dogs underwent physical examination, urinalysis, blood testing and blood pressure measurement. Cardiac auscultations were performed by three independent examiners. Dogs with heart murmurs underwent echocardiography, to exclude cardiovascular abnormalities.
Of 109 dogs evaluated, 95 completed the study. Heart murmurs were detected in 22 dogs. Interobserver agreement for murmur detection was moderate to fair (weighted kappa 0 · 29-0 · 56). On the basis of two different sets of echocardiographic criteria, physiological heart murmurs were diagnosed in 6 and 11 dogs, respectively, giving a prevalence of 6-12%. All physiological heart murmurs were systolic and low-grade (I-III/VI). Most were louder towards the left heart base and some radiated up to the thoracic inlet. The epidemiological features of dogs with physiological heart murmurs did not differ significantly from those of dogs without murmurs (P > 0 · 10).
This study shows that physiological heart murmurs may not be limited to growing dogs or specific breeds, as they were commonly encountered in this population of healthy young adult dogs.
确定健康年轻成年犬生理性心脏杂音的患病率。
前瞻性纳入1至5岁的健康犬。所有参与的犬均接受体格检查、尿液分析、血液检测和血压测量。由三名独立检查者进行心脏听诊。有心脏杂音的犬接受超声心动图检查，以排除心血管异常。
在评估的109只犬中，95只完成了研究。22只犬检测到心脏杂音。杂音检测的观察者间一致性为中等至尚可（加权kappa值0.29 - 0.56）。根据两套不同的超声心动图标准，分别有6只和11只犬被诊断为生理性心脏杂音，患病率为6% - 12%。所有生理性心脏杂音均为收缩期且为低级别（I - III/VI级）。大多数在左心基部更响亮，有些向上放射至胸廓入口。有生理性心脏杂音的犬的流行病学特征与无杂音的犬无显著差异（P > 0.10）。
本研究表明，生理性心脏杂音可能不限于生长中的犬或特定品种，因为在这群健康年轻成年犬中普遍存在。
