Rotondano Gianluca
Division of Gastroenterology & Digestive Endoscopy, Hospital Maresca, ASLNA3sud, Via Montedoro, Torre del Greco 80059, Italy.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2014 Dec;43(4):643-63. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common gastroenterological emergency. A vast majority of these bleeds have nonvariceal causes, in particular gastroduodenal peptic ulcers. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, low-dose aspirin use, and Helicobacter pylori infection are the main risk factors for UGIB. Current epidemiologic data suggest that patients most affected are older with medical comorbidit. Widespread use of potentially gastroerosive medications underscores the importance of adopting gastroprotective pharamacologic strategies. Endoscopy is the mainstay for diagnosis and treatment of acute UGIB. It should be performed within 24 hours of presentation by skilled operators in adequately equipped settings, using a multidisciplinary team approach.
急性上消化道出血（UGIB）是一种常见的胃肠急症。这些出血绝大多数由非静脉曲张性病因引起，尤其是胃十二指肠消化性溃疡。非甾体类抗炎药、低剂量阿司匹林的使用以及幽门螺杆菌感染是UGIB的主要危险因素。当前的流行病学数据表明，受影响最严重的患者为老年且伴有内科合并症。潜在胃黏膜糜烂性药物的广泛使用凸显了采取胃保护药理学策略的重要性。内镜检查是急性UGIB诊断和治疗的主要手段。应由技术熟练的操作人员在设备齐全的环境中，采用多学科团队方法，在就诊后24小时内进行。
