在维度变化卡片分类任务中提升3岁儿童的执行功能。
Enhancing the executive functions of 3-year-olds in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task.
作者信息
Perone Sammy, Molitor Stephen J, Buss Aaron T, Spencer John P, Samuelson Larissa K
机构信息
University of Minnesota.
Virginia Commonwealth University.
出版信息
Child Dev. 2015 May-Jun;86(3):812-27. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12330. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
Abstract
Executive functions enable flexible thinking, something young children are notoriously bad at. For instance, in the dimensional change card sort (DCCS) task, 3-year-olds can sort cards by one dimension (shape), but continue to sort by this dimension when asked to switch (to color). This study tests a prediction of a dynamic neural field model that prior experience with the postswitch dimension can enhance 3-year-olds' performance in the DCCS. In Experiment 1A, a matching game was used to preexpose 3-year-olds (n = 36) to color. This facilitated switching from sorting by shape to color. In , 3-year-olds (n = 18) were preexposed to shape. This did not facilitate switching from sorting by color to shape. The model was used to explain this asymmetry.
摘要
执行功能有助于灵活思考，而幼儿在这方面的表现 notoriously 很差。例如，在维度变化卡片分类（DCCS）任务中，3岁儿童可以按一个维度（形状）对卡片进行分类，但当被要求切换（到颜色）时，他们仍会继续按这个维度进行分类。本研究测试了一个动态神经场模型的预测，即对切换后维度的先前经验可以提高3岁儿童在DCCS任务中的表现。在实验1A中，使用了一个匹配游戏让36名3岁儿童预先接触颜色。这有助于从按形状分类切换到按颜色分类。在实验1B中，18名3岁儿童预先接触形状。这并没有促进从按颜色分类切换到按形状分类。该模型被用来解释这种不对称性。
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